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№ 1 (249), 26 february 2026
doi: 10.25198/1814-6457
 Pedagogics
Belonovskaya I.D., Devyatkina A.P. PROCESS MODELING IN THE LOGIC OF BINARY OPPOSITIONS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF SAFE BEHAVIOR OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SOCIAL PRACTICES)The relevance of the research is determined by the need to improve the methodological apparatus of pedagogical science, in particular, modeling procedures, which have become a mandatory attribute of dissertations. With a significant variety of types of pedagogical models, the actual logic of their development remains insufficiently clarified, which reduces the correctness and feasibility of the designed constructs.
The method of binary oppositions based on the principles of dialectics (unity and struggle of opposites) and complementarity is proposed as a tool to ensure the integrity and consistency of the model. The analysis of theoretical sources and dissertation research on the problem of forming a culture of safe behavior of students (2000–2025) allowed us to identify four levels of the hierarchy of frequently used binary oppositions: methodological, procedural, organizational and substantive. Each binary pair (for example, “goal — result”, “subject — object”, “diagnosis — correction”) is compared with the significance for the realism of the model and the corresponding criterion of use (effectiveness, subjectivity, effectiveness, feedback). Using the example of the formation of a culture of safe behavior of students, a process model has been developed that includes target, methodological, resource-environment, program-organizational, activity, correctional, evaluative and effective blocks, each of which is built in the logic of binary oppositions. The model assumes a step-by-step development of a comprehensive program of social practices, a change in student status and a profile adaptation of the content for various bachelor’s degree programs. The advantages of the binary opposition method in modeling pedagogical processes are established: clarity, simplicity, visibility and the ability to control the completeness of the model elements. At the same time, the rigid binary form provokes a simplification of the multidimensional pedagogical reality, loss of background conditions and inability to explain qualitative leaps (for example, the transition from skill to culture). To reduce the risks of reduction, it is proposed to introduce a third element into the semantic pair (for example, “theory–practice–reflection”), the use of qualitative empirical methods (surveys, interviews, observation) and a level taxonomy describing qualitative transitions (reproductive, adaptive, heuristic, creative). Conclusion: the binary opposition method serves as a convenient framework for modeling, provides primary structuring and systematization of pedagogical processes, but requires further saturation and adjustment based on the results of pilot experiments and experimental work.Key words: pedagogical modeling, binary oppositions, process model, culture of safe behavior, social practices, university students, personal activity approach, integrative approach.
Kolomiets G.G. PHILOSOPHY OF MUSIC AND MUSICAL AND AESTHETIC EDUCATION AS STEPS TO EXISTENTIAL MEANINGThe modern world is undergoing a new historical turn. It is associated with digitalization and, as a consequence, a shift in how we perceive the world. Russian music education was classically based on European traditions. Now, in a multipolar world, it is necessary not only to expand the field of knowledge but also, by engaging reason (philosophical thought), to lead to the discovery of a conscious existential self and an understanding of one's place in a complex world. The desire to renew educational approaches requires, in particular, a modern axiological approach to life and practice, presenting both musical-pedagogical and musical-philosophical knowledge for all. From ancient times to the present day, music has been more than an art form; it expresses global rhythms of life of a cosmological and anthroposocioecological nature. The philosophy of music addresses issues bordering on general philosophical problems, anthropology, axiology, cultural studies, musicology, and aesthetics. Understanding the philosophy of music is connected to the global problems of the creative individual, who expands the "inorganic body of civilization" in the historical process. I conducted this research to prepare for publication a textbook on the philosophy of music for everyone. The textbook is based on my work on this topic, including the ideas in my books "Musical and Aesthetic Education (Axiological Approach)" and "The Value of Music: A Philosophical Aspect." The research traces ancient Greek philosophical thought on music as a harmony of spheres related to mathematics and its educational function, ancient Chinese and modern understandings of the value of music, and a view of musical universality in the context of the metasystem "art, science, technology." It affirms the idea of musical existence as, firstly, substantial and self-sufficient, and, secondly, a means of human interaction with the world based on values. The research answers the question: why is the discipline "philosophy of music" needed in university education? The answer will be that it is necessary for everyone to develop creative thinking through imagination and fantasy, since the thought of music and the feeling of perception of musical art awaken the imagination, which causes the need for creation, and must be conditioned by the value foundations of its time.Key words: philosophy of music, musical and aesthetic education, axiology, value-based anthroposociological approach, “human in man”, “inorganic body of civilization”, existence
Pak L.G. SEMANTIC GUIDELINES FOR FORMING TOLERANCE OF MODERN UNIVERSITY STUDENTSThe problem of forming tolerance of modern students today acquires, on the one hand, the status of an immanent characteristic of higher education, on the other, reflects the global-axiological scale of strengthening social security in society and strengthening its stability. University graduates are in demand who can live and function productively in a multinational and multicultural environment, realize the value of a variety of social, cultural, ethnic and religious values and differences, ready for a common search for ways of conflict-free and constructive coexistence in a multi-format multicultural world, striving to learn from others and open to new ideas. The purposeful formation of tolerance of modern university students represents the basis for the harmonious development of a socially responsible personality and the professional formation of university graduates as agents of constructive dialogue in a multipolar world in conditions of geopolitical turbulence. In my research, the semantic guidelines for the formation of tolerance of modern university students are highlighted: a) the ideological guideline determines the development by students of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, the development of socially oriented motives for building constructive interaction with people holding other views; b) cultural orientation reflects the formation of conscious acceptance by students of the diversity of cultural differences in the modern world, the manifestation of a tolerant attitude towards the cultural identity of the subjects; c) the educational guideline sets the focus on expanding students’ knowledge of themselves as tolerant subjects, the importance of tolerance as a value of modern society and the basis of optimal functioning in the global community and mixed online and offline reality; d) the deontological landmark reflects the development of the resilience of university students in relation to actions aimed at promoting exclusivity, superiority, discord, involvement in destructive and radical movements; e) the creative guideline determines the activation of the subject position of students in broadcasting the norms of compatibility in the world of diversity of the surrounding reality, the absence of stereotypes and prejudices, taking into account the points of view of “different Others,” participation in creating a tolerant environment in the university and society.Key words: university, students, tolerance, semantic guidelines, variety of differences, interaction with “different “Others,” cultural boundaries, traditional Russian values, opposition to ideological influences of mixed online and offline reality.
Chelpachenko T.V., Kolobova L.V., Ksenofontova A.N. DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIAN EDUCATION In the modern educational space of the school, the humanistic component of the state-public management of an educational organization is a priority. With a humanistic approach, school self-government bodies become especially in demand, which contribute to creating the most comfortable conditions for the personal development of both students and teachers. In schools of the 21st century, not only the content of education, the ways of its transmission, and the technologies of interaction are being transformed, but also the system of self-government created over decades in Soviet pedagogy is being improved. Self-government is one of the leading principles of public administration of the modern education system in the Russian Federation. To date, the activities of school self-government bodies are regulated by important regulatory documents: The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ (in the latest edition), the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Strategy for the Development of Education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, the Charter of a general education organization, the Regulations on the body of student self-government (the Council of Students, the School Parliament, etc.). The study assessed the possibilities of school self-government in the context of modern educational policy. The basic principles, functions, and directions according to which it is necessary to build a school self-government system are analyzed. The level hierarchy of school self-government is revealed. The article describes the process of organizing school self-government in the context of modernization of Russian education.Key words: school self-government, educational organization, education, upbringing, school.
Veremey O.M., Zhdanova N.S. THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE THINKING OF DESIGN STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING RESIDENTIAL INTERIORSDesign utilizes both logical and imaginative thinking, enabling the development of a high-quality product that meets all modern requirements. When designing residential interiors, student designers' thinking is informed by data acquired, in particular, through sociological research into consumers and their living conditions. Our research consisted of three stages. During the first, students studied the lifestyles of apartment residents and created "occupant portraits." Logical thinking, based on sociological research methodology, was dominant here. In the second stage, students developed a list of hallway furnishings based on specific criteria. This stage concluded with a group discussion, during which a universal list of items needed in every hallway, almost every day, was developed. This list served as a basis for the future designers to develop their hallway design proposals, but here, quality depended largely on associative and imaginative thinking. The subsequent presentation of their projects demonstrated an improvement in their quality and, most importantly, a significant shift in the students' thinking. The speech, as the most accurate reflection of thinking, was filled with compelling arguments explaining how to improve the usability of the hallway. In summing up, the students discussed the need to study consumers' lifestyles both directly during the survey and by examining items already in use, which can also reveal a lot about their owners. Students' independent sociological research into consumer characteristics makes the design process more practice-oriented and conscious, thereby enhancing the professional development of future designers.Key words: design students, design process, sociological research, consumer, hallway.
Vlatskaya I.V. FROM THE CYBER IMMUNITY METHODOLOGY TO CONSTRUCTIVE SECURITY IN THE EDUCATION OF SPECIALIST AND BACHELOR STUDENTS IN INFORMATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMSIn the context of digitalization and the increasing complexity of information systems, traditional approaches to information security, primarily based on reactive protective measures, demonstrate limited effectiveness. Modern cyberattacks are characterized by a high degree of automation, the use of intelligent methods for vulnerability analysis and exploitation, as well as a focus on architectural and logical flaws in information systems. In this regard, the need to transition from perimeter-based and add-on security models to architecture-oriented approaches becomes increasingly relevant.
This article examines the cyber immunity methodology proposed by Kaspersky Lab specialists as a modern paradigm for ensuring information security. It is shown that cyber immunity involves designing systems that are resilient to attacks by virtue of their architecture, rather than through the use of external security tools. Particular attention is paid to constructive security as a practical development of cyber immunity principles. The architectural concepts of MILS and FLASK are analyzed, along with their role in minimizing trust and controlling information flows.
The relationship between constructive security and contemporary international and Russian information security standards is also considered. The importance of studying these approaches in the educational process for training specialists and bachelor students enrolled in information and information technology programs is emphasized.Key words: information technologies, information security, cyber immunity, constructive security, MILS, FLASK, Zero Trust architecture.
Irgalieva E.K. TOLERANCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: UPDATED SUBSTANTIVE CHARACTERISTICSFormations occurring in modern society. Highly qualified specialists must be prepared to function effectively in a multiethnic and pluralistic environment. Tolerance among university students was studied using two basic scientific approaches. The socio-pedagogical approach, with its identified principles of axiology, reliance on the positive sociocultural experience of ethnic groups, and individual intrinsic value, focuses on analyzing tolerance as a significant social and personal value that determines the orientation of university students' consciousness and behavior. This approach promotes universal moral and ethical norms while integrating young people into the system of social interactions in a multicultural educational environment. An activity-based approach, emphasizing the principle of cultural boundaries, synergy, and dialogue in the context of the study, focuses on examining university student tolerance as an activity-based phenomenon and the result of students' active involvement in socially significant activities aimed at fostering intercultural dialogue and cooperation, expanding the boundaries of understanding of other traditions and worldviews in a multicultural educational environment. The interconnected substantive characteristics of university student tolerance are associated with: a) the value-based content of tolerance — young people's recognition of their freedom to choose their views, beliefs, and customs within the emotional-reflexive aspect; b) the cognitive content — a deep knowledge of cultural characteristics and an awareness of the importance of preserving the uniqueness of each nation; c) the behavioral content — a proactive desire for constructive interaction in mixed reality. Thus, modernizing the characteristics of university student tolerance is necessary to improve the content of educational programs at higher education institutions. Focusing on the targeted development of student tolerance will help prepare a new generation of professionals who are open to the world and ready to integrate into a multicultural and multinational society. Creating favorable conditions for harmonious coexistence will ensure a successful future for a modern society built on the principles of harmony and mutual respect.Key words: tolerance, students, socio-pedagogical approach, activity-based approach, higher education development trends, multicultural educational environment, mixed reality, characteristics of tolerance.
Kovrigina I.V., Bolshakov R.S. THE INFLUENCE OF MODERN HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS FOR THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRYIn the current political situation, when there is an urgent need to maintain the volume of cargo transportation by rail, an urgent area of research is the analysis of the training of specialists in the transport industry. The main trends in changes in the level of training of railway transport workers have been identified. Data on changes in the level of training of specialists in railway transport are considered. The role of railway transport subordination from the point of view of public or private management and its impact on the quality of personnel training is assessed. The analysis of the knowledge level of the organization’s employees, depending on the length of service, is carried out. The law of the distribution of a random variable of the percentage of the level of knowledge is investigated. Further research will be devoted to the analysis of changes in the quality of training of specialists in related specialties with the possibility of participating in the research of interested organizations, in particular, the assessment of the level of employees of railways within the boundaries of the Eastern Polygon is of interest. Using the results obtained will make it possible to adjust the approach to the educational process in terms of negative trends in the quality of personnel training, since rail transport is a key industry in ensuring transport connectivity between the regions of the country. In this context, the problem of ensuring the safety of the transportation process is important, and the quality of knowledge in this matter is a key factor.Key words: higher education, training of railway transport specialists.
Nechai A.A., Zhmurin D.V., Podruzhkina T.A. PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF MONITORING SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION FOR DEVELOPING INFORMATION SECURITY COMPETENCEThe challenges of the digital age, including the rise of cybercrime and the need to ensure the security of state information systems, place new demands on the training of operational units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Traditional approaches to developing professional skills have demonstrated limited effectiveness in the face of rapidly evolving information security threats. The search for tools that enable holistic management of the process of developing information security competence among operational units' employees is particularly important, necessitating a rethinking of the role of monitoring systems in the educational process at departmental educational institutions. Our research resulted in the development of a structural and functional model for integrating monitoring systems, focused on the consistent development of key components of professional competence. The classification identified four types of monitoring systems: learning management, educational data analytics, and assessment management. Specific applications in the educational process, selection and adaptation criteria, and methodological solutions for their use in developing practical skills to combat cybercrime were identified for each type. Validation of the model confirmed its effectiveness in real-life departmental training. The implementation of the proposed approach demonstrates a significant improvement in the quality of professional training through the creation of an integrated educational environment. The integrated use of various types of monitoring systems ensures continuous tracking of the development of professional skills and enables timely adjustments to the educational process. The obtained results demonstrate the potential for further development of methods for integrating monitoring systems, taking into account the specifics of various areas of professional training and current trends in the digital transformation of departmental education.Key words: professional competence, pedagogical monitoring, information security, diagnostic tools, competence formation model, departmental training.
Nuriev N.K., Starygina S.D. PARAMETRIC DIDACTICS OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS: A METHODOLOGICAL MODEL FOR MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ INTELLECTUAL RESOURCESIn parametric didactics, an educational system is viewed as a mechanism for actualizing human survival capabilities through the growth of intellectual resources within the life environment. The more complex the problem, the greater the intellectual effort required for its resolution. Hence, learning is aimed at the rapid and purposeful development of mind resources. A cyber-physical didactic system functions as a dynamic structure that transforms a student’s cognitive inputs into outputs under the influence of management resources — such as the teacher, cyber‑assistant, and AI-based digital environment. The management goal is to ensure that the student’s intellectual capacities at the system’s output reliably exceed the complexity of professional tasks encountered in practice. In practice, management is executed through a strictly regulated technological process combined with a flexible, individual‑adaptive subprocess designed to create conditions for comprehensive intellectual development. The technological route operates as a continuous cycle: parameter diagnostics, goal setting, problem environment and route design, implementation and support (by teacher and cyber-assistant), monitoring, and parameter adjustment. Thus, the system manages not discrete “course knowledge,” but the trajectory of the student’s intellectual resource growth relative to the difficulty of target tasks within relevant competencies. Studies demonstrate that cyber‑physical educational systems enable accelerated development of students’ intellectual potential by creating adaptive, data‑driven learning environments where cognitive challenges are continuously aligned with individual progression and professional demands.Key words: Education in Industry 4.0, parametric didactics, cyber‑physical system, development of intellectual resources, student digital twin, cyber‑assistant.
Putintseva T.A., Rakhimova S.D. SPECIFICITY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF FUTURE GRAPHIC DESIGNERS IN THE DESIGN OF MUSEUM SOUVENIRSInnovation is a key value in design education. In practice, educational projects are often generic, situational, and fragmented, without exploring holistic stylistics and audience demands, traditional cultural heritage, and contemporary visual language. There is a pressing need for a systematic approach to student research to achieve a high degree of project originality. This study draws on the authors' experience conducting research with future graphic designers at Orenburg State University, focusing on the design of museum souvenirs, taking into account a cultural and ecological approach to design. The pre-project research focuses on how museums, through the lens of design, convey their core values, adapt complex cultural heritage to the contemporary context, and build a strong emotional connection with visitors, transforming them from one-time visitors into loyal users. Historical analysis has shown that the evolution of museum souvenir design has evolved from singular sacred objects to its current state, where souvenirs become a key element of cultural branding. A comparative analysis of design codes from leading international and Russian museums of various specialties allowed us not only to identify the unique features of museum souvenir lines but also to identify common current trends in this dynamic field. The study theoretically substantiated that students' pre-project research contributes to the innovative, creative nature of projects. A sequence of pre-project research stages for future graphic designers was developed and the content of these stages was revealed. The key visual components of museum souvenirs, which shape their artistic image and functionality, were identified and analyzed. These components include color palettes, graphic and typographic features, compositional solutions, choice of materials and technologies, and ergonomic qualities. This will allow us to develop a graphic language for modern museum souvenirs in the form of coherent identity systems and design codes.Key words: design education, research activities, graphic design, diploma design, design of souvenirs, museum souvenirs, cultural code, tourism branding, museum.
Safronovich I.E. MODERN APPROACHES TO CERTIFICATION OF STUDENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATIONModern approaches to student assessment in higher and secondary vocational education must be oriented toward labor market needs, focusing on developing students’ key competencies necessary for successful professional performance. Assessment is carried out through the assessment of both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This article analyzes the quantitative characteristics of the higher and secondary vocational education system in the Russian Federation for the 2024 calendar year and draws conclusions regarding the need to introduce new forms of student assessment specifically within the higher education system. The article examines the possibility of improving the quality of assessment of students’ professional skills and abilities in core professional educational programs of higher education by conducting assessments in the form of a demonstration exam, which immerses students in real work situations and develops a realistic understanding of their future professional activities.Key words: demonstration exam, vocational and pedagogical education, education quality assessment, state final certification, secondary vocational education, higher education.
Stepanova I.P., Atavina O.V., Mugak V.V., Fortus A.V. SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE FOR STUDENTS AS A RELEVANT MEANS OF DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIESResearch on the contribution of the scientific events, including those focused on natural sciences, to the development of professional competencies in future physicians are limited: they do not fully address the significant transformations in the organization of the scientific and practical conferences that have occurred over the past decade. The aim of this study was to examine changes in organizing of the student scientific event at a Higher Medical School.
These new features are illustrated using the example of the All-Russian conference with international participation of students and young scientists “Modern Issues in Natural Sciences and Medicine. Man and His Health,” organized by the chemistry, physics, biology, and biochemistry departments at Omsk State Medical University (The conference program and report were analyzed.). Domestic and international literature sources were selected and examined. Theoretical research methods — analysis, synthesis, and generalization — were used.
First of all, this conference has acquired many scientific directions of a transdisciplinary nature: in particular, the topics have concerned the main areas of natural science education (chemistry, physics, biology, and biochemistry). Secondly, the event’s role as a platform for the exchange of experience, including internationally, has increased: there has been a significant increase in the number of presentations and participants. Changes have also affected the format of scientific events: the focus has shifted from traditional format (plenary and final sessions, sections) to innovative one (interactive sessions, including short sessions with group reflection; student stand-up presentations; real-time feedback; gamification). Organizing a student and young scientist scientific event of the new format should become a priority for natural science departments at medical universities.Key words: scientific and practical conference of students, scientific work of students, professional competencies of a doctor, interactive scientific session, medical students, higher medical school, natural science education in a medical university.
Tarasova O.P., Khaliullina O.R. PROBLEMATIZATION IN THE MECHANISM OF FORMING THE CONCEPT OF A LEARNING PROJECTA key objective of higher education for future designers is to develop professional competencies related to the generation of creative ideas and the ability to organize and execute all design stages. At the same time, idea generation, as a stage and a prerequisite for a project's uniqueness, requires professional erudition and creativity. The mechanism for developing a concept for an academic project is based on the collection and analysis of initial data. Each stage of pre-project research has its own objectives, but for a novice designer, they often merge into a chaotic stream of thoughts and actions. The process of collecting information is relatively clear to students, but the diagnostic procedure, and especially the problematization, can be difficult, as they require project and life experience, observation, reasoning, and the ability to draw conclusions. In our study, problematization is considered an independent stage of project activity, the purpose of which is to ensure the success of the next stage — idea generation. We have developed a method for teaching students the mechanism for generating project ideas based on problematization, in which the method of solving the problem forms the basis of the project proposal. The proposed mechanism is effective in situations where students lack design experience, a set of ready-made solutions, and self-confidence, and where virtually every assignment requires project research. Defining the essence of a design object's concept facilitates the process of understanding the essence of the design project concept, which the designer relies on in the work process. An example of pre-project research in the creation of an educational board game for children with Down syndrome demonstrates the logic of developing an idea. Our approach to generating creative ideas in educational design is universal and allows students with no experience to memorize the essence and understand the significance of each procedure within the design logic, understand their tasks at each stage, and see the relationships between their actions and results.Key words: design, educational project, concept, problematization, pre-project stage of design.
Chernaya L.V., Berezneva E.Yu., Gonokhova M.N., Lazutkina E.A. INNOVATIVE BIOLOGY TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES AS THE BASIS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARDThe basis of educational technology is a system of clear joint activity of the teacher and the student. The use of innovative technologies allows students to develop the desire for cognitive activity. The formation of the qualities of a doctor in modern conditions requires the transformation of all types of his activities, including educational, educational, research, and patriotic, and is aimed at finding optimal opportunities to achieve maximum results required by social conditions. An important point for solving such problems is to maintain a system of integrated continuing education. In the process of teaching at the Department of Biology of OmSMU, an attempt was made to stimulate the formation of a creative approach among first-year students during the acquisition of basic professional skills using various forms of education. The educational process at the medical university is aimed at building students a logical connection between phenomena and patterns in biology and medicine. Studying biology in the first year of a medical university lays the foundation for knowledge about the structure and functioning of the human body — from the molecular to the organismic level, including interaction with living and inanimate nature. In this regard, it is extremely important to form the student’s inner need to participate in the educational process, stimulate the desire for knowledge and self-development, and gradually prepare the student for professional activity. In addition to the classic lecture format, it is advisable to introduce modern technologies: personalized tracks, game technologies, situational task analysis, group work, adaptive learning systems with AI, virtual laboratory experiments, hybrid learning formats. The use of modern teaching methods involves strengthening the student’s motivation in studying the discipline, helps to unlock intellectual and cognitive potential, and reduce psychological discomfort in the new conditions of the university’s educational environment.Key words: information and educational technologies, biology, digital educational resources, gamification.
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Editor-in-chief |
Sergey Aleksandrovich
MIROSHNIKOV |
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