Muratova A.A.
INNOVATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF CAREER GUIDANCE IN GENERAL EDUCATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE ^{[№ 4 ' 2023]}
In modern conditions, education and training systems in various countries are faced with challenges that determine the demand for reliable information about changes in the labor market and future prospects for those who are faced with choosing their professional path. In Russia, close attention is paid to the professional guidance of the younger generation. A new round of activity to build a system of career guidance work occurred in connection with the Address of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin to the Federal Assembly on February 21, 2023. During the Soviet period, the career guidance system met the objectives of the state in relation to personality formation and the needs of the economy. Managed at various levels of executive power. The inclusion of interested participants was assumed: students, parents, representatives of production, teachers and school administration. Considerable attention was paid to organizing interaction between participants and creating an appropriate subject-spatial environment and methodological support. Foreign practice of career guidance work is distinguished by the desire to take into account the individual needs of students, recognition of the significant role of specialists competent in the field of vocational guidance and counseling. International research distinguishes the uniqueness of career guidance practice in different countries and the demand for its services at any stage of life. In the Russian general education system, vocational guidance is defined simultaneously as a personal request of the child and his family and a global task for the country. A unified model of vocational guidance has been built, which ensures that students master the minimum vocational guidance. Formats for implementing a unified model, types of activities and materials, forms of career guidance activities allow career guidance work to be carried out at a level that meets the needs and interests of modern schoolchildren. The role of the pedagogical worker as a teacher-navigator who provides pedagogical support to students in the process of vocational guidance is defined. A unified model of professional guidance is implemented in parallel through the digital platform bvbinfo.ru.

Muratova A.A.
THE PHENOMENON OF EARLY CAREER GUIDANCE OF STUDENTS ^{[№ 2 ' 2023]}
The phenomenon of early career guidance of students in modern conditions is a well-established pedagogical category, reflected in regulatory documents: the passport of the federal project “Success of every Child” [10], the federal educational program of preschool education [7].
The importance of preschool age in the professional formation of a personality is justified in studies reflecting the periodization of age-related development of a person as a subject of labor.
Early career guidance of preschoolers is based on such features of this age as: the leading type of activity (play), the developing effect of immersing the child in various activities, cognitive needs in relation to events and phenomena of the surrounding world, the manifestation of the ability to imagine, the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
The phenomenon under study at preschool age is unstable, which is based on the dependence of professional preferences on the impressions received by the child and on fantasies generated by events and phenomena of the surrounding world.
The leading content lines of early career guidance for preschoolers are: acquaintance with the world of professions, the formation of the image of a hard worker.
The preschool child’s family has a significant impact on early career guidance, which determines the need to develop cooperation with parents as equal participants in the educational process.
The condition for the effectiveness of the process of early career guidance of students is the teacher’s readiness to conduct career guidance work.
At preschool age, it is permissible to use psychodiagnostic methods for developing a child’s interest and attention to their own qualities associated with the world of professions. Early career guidance of preschoolers is of an activity nature, which determines the appropriate pedagogical means: play activities, project activities, research activities, communication activities, modeling, reading fiction and cognitive literature, observing the professional work of adults, excursions.

Kirillova L.G., Elizarov D.V., Muratova G.Y.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF KEY COMPETENCIES OF PJSC “GAZPROM” MANAGERS AND SPECIALISTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAINING PROGRAMS OF ADVANCED TRAINING IN IDPO KNRTU ^{[№ 4 ' 2022]}
The increasing requirements to the qualification level of the employees of the organization allows to reconsider the traditional approaches to training and to improve the system of professional education in general. The training organization must create such conditions, where in the process of obtaining new knowledge and skills the trainee learns necessary competences for independent solution of production, communicative, cognitive, moral, organizational and other problems. When developing training programs for students, it is necessary to apply a competency-based approach, based on the needs of the customer, current trends in education, professional level of the teaching staff and interactive learning technologies.

Saitbaeva E.R., Muratova A.A.
ORGANIZATION OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-EDUCATION OF A TEACHER ^{[№ 2 ' 2022]}
Self-education of a person predetermines the motivational sphere, based on the values, directions and needs of a person. In the teaching profession, the motivational sphere is determined by the aspirations for continuous development and updating of knowledge. In this regard, self-education is the core trend of the teacher’s professional activity.
The federal project “Teacher of the Future” (dated December 7, 2018) aims the pedagogical community at the continuous development of professional skills, strengthening the professional readiness of the teacher in solving non-standard tasks in the field of education, and enhancing the cognitive activity of the teacher, taking into account his educational deficits. Thus, professional self-education of a teacher becomes a vector of his career growth and development. The success of the implementation of these processes depends on the conditions created in the practice of education for the teacher.
The organization of professional self-development implies, firstly, the actualization of the teacher’s motivational potential for self-educational activity by activating incentives for professional self-development. Secondly, the implementation of competent assistance and support to the teacher requires the enrichment of the content of his professional activity with value orientations and attitudes towards self-education. Thirdly, professional self-education of a teacher can be organized in various forms, taking into account the possibilities of additional (formal and non-formal) education. However, the most effective ways of organizing professional self-education of a teacher today are information technologies. Modern means of communication, computer technologies, software and various information resources make it possible to work with information in a new way, activating the professional resources of teachers in building a self-educational trajectory. The potential of information technologies in the process of self-education provides variability, individualization, flexibility, continuity in mastering new or improving existing knowledge.

Tavstukha O.G., Matviyevskaya E.G., Muratova A.A.
FEATURES OF THE CULTURAL PRACTICES DESIGN OF PRESCHOOLERS BY GRADUATE STUDENTS ^{[№ 4 ' 2021]}
Culture is embodied in parenting traditions and the environment. The planning and implementation of educational activities on the basis of general standards without taking into account the specifics of the socio­cultural conditions of life do not allow to ensure the modern level of education quality, the development of abilities important for a modern person.
In modern conditions, the teaching profession is becoming more and more creative. In the process of mastering it, it becomes necessary to master the skills to design the educational process. The training of teachers should include training in the methodology of taking into account the characteristics of the socio-cultural environment, the development of the need for understanding culture, and the expansion of cultural horizons.
Cultural practices are an effective way to solve the problems of preschool education. In activities, thoughts, experiences, assessments, the child acts as a subject of culture.
The development of cultural practices is included in the practical lessons of the discipline “Pedagogical design as the basis of the professional activity of a teacher of preschool education” of the main professional educational program “Pedagogy of Preschool Childhood” (Master’s degree).
In the federal state educational standard of preschool education, familiarizing children with socio­cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state is defined as a principle.
According to the professional standard of the Teacher, the generalized labor function of the teacher is “pedagogical activity in the design and implementation of the educational process in educational institutions of preschool <...> education”.
Cultural practices are designed in accordance with the educational objectives defined by the educational program of preschool education, the partial educational program within which they are implemented. But the priority in the design of cultural practice should be the interests of children.
The development of cultural practices is carried out by students within the framework of the master’s study, which makes it possible to make it culturally consistent, to strengthen it in the aspect of reflecting the socio-cultural situation. The content and type of practice is determined based on the topic of the master’s study. In the process of lectures and practical classes, based on the study of program and methodological materials and the experience of preschool teachers, the types of cultural practices, structural components and their content are determined.
On the basis of the cultural practice designed by the student, professional deficiencies and ways to eliminate them are determined. One of the educational products presented for the defense of a master’s thesis is a methodological development, including cultural practices and methodological recommendations to them, including approximate lists of objects of cultural memory, familiarity with which contributes to the formation of the general culture of a preschooler.

Osiyanova A.V., Muratova N.A.
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE BY MEANS OF GAME APPLICATIONS ^{[№ 1 ' 2021]}
The standards of modern higher education determine the requirements for the preparation of a university graduate who speaks a foreign language and is competent in the field of intercultural communication. In this regard, in the field of linguistic education, the appeal to innovative technologies is being actualized, ensuring the improvement of foreign language communicative competence and increasing motivation for mastering a foreign language. The linguo-didactic potential of gaming applications is of particular interest to researchers. Foreign language communicative competence is the student’s ability and willingness to carry out foreign language intercultural and interpersonal communication in variable authentic spheres and situations. The development of linguistic, speech, socio-cultural, compensatory and educational components of foreign language communicative competence involves the deepening of knowledge, the formation of skills and abilities about all types of speech activity by means of reproductive, problem-search, project and game teaching methods. Learning through play by means of modern gaming applications creates a comfortable environment for active mastery of the language being studied. In the course of observations and experimental work, the linguo-didactic potential of the game applications “Memrise”, “The Phrasal Verbs Machine”, “Quizlet”, “Words, Sounds: Pronunciation App”, “Learn English with SpeakingPal” in the linguistic education of students was revealed, which is expressed in the possibilities their application for the purpose of purposeful assimilation of lexical and grammatical material and its further application in foreign language speech activity, ensuring the development of all components of foreign language communicative competence. The choice of game applications is due to the age characteristics of students, their cognitive interests, the level of foreign language proficiency, the specifics of the integration of synchronous and asynchronous independent work. The study found that the positive effect of using the considered game applications in the development of foreign language communicative competence is manifested in the successful mastering of language material, the development of communication skills, and increased motivation for the educational process in general.

Ganaeva E.A., Maslovskaya S.V., Muratova A.A.
MENTORING AS A RESOURCE OF TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ^{[№ 5 ' 2020]}
The study is of interest to the professional development of a teacher-mentor in the context of modernization changes in the Russian education system. The introduction of a national system for the professional growth of a teacher, a new model of attestation of teaching staff actualizes the implementation of the mentoring methodology to provide high-quality professional support for teaching staff. The aim of the study was to identify the professional deficiencies of teachers-mentors, to determine the professional difficulties identified during the participation of teachers-mentors in the competitive movement. Based on the study of the content characteristics of the concepts of “mentoring”, “professional development”, “professional competence of a teacher-mentor”, the author’s definition of the competence of a teacher-mentor is proposed as the ability and readiness of a teacher-mentor for effective informal mutually enriching interaction with the mentor, building his individual strategy for professional growth ... We noted that the professional activity of a teacher-mentor is considered within the framework of “horizontal” continuous education of a teacher and is determined by the degree of conscious professional advancement, professional growth of both the mentored and the mentor himself. This requires a special share of responsibility in solving specific problems of acquiring professional and life experience, developing new professional competencies. In our opinion, the teacher-mentor, being a key figure in the mentoring program, must have successful professional experience, positive professional, personal and life results, the willingness and ability to share their experience, and provide professional support to the mentor. To highlight the criteria for the professional competence of a teacher-mentor, we turned to the necessary qualities of successful mentors, indicated in the Methodology (target model) of mentoring. The results of the study show that for purposeful work on the development and improvement of the institution of mentoring in a modern educational organization, it is necessary to develop and implement an in-house mentoring program, to create its high-quality resource support.

Matvievskaya E.G., Ganaeva E.A., Muratova A.A.
ORGANIZATION OF METHODOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER ^{[№ 4 ' 2020]}
Abstract. The modern education system is characterized by constant significant changes and transformations in pedagogical science and practice, in connection with which the requirements for specialists who carry out pedagogical activities are also steadily changing. The social order of society is aimed at the formation of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality of a citizen of Russia, the implementation of which is inextricably linked with the quality of pedagogical work with children in educational institutions at all levels of education. The quality of the organization of the teacher’s methodological activity, which is “an independent type of professional activity in the design, development and construction of teaching aids that allows for the regulation of teaching and learning activities”, plays the most important role in the well-being of the formation and development of a child at all stages of education. The state policy in the field of primary education is largely guided by the provisions of the Federal State Educational Standard, according to which a wide range of typical tasks of a teacher is associated precisely with the organization of methodological activities. Researchers in the field of methodological training of teachers indicate that a modern teacher must have a sufficient level of methodological knowledge and skills (outlook), which will allow him not only to independently and competently apply them in practice, but also determine the ability to approach his pedagogical activity creatively. The conducted research by A.V. Pryadko, according to the study of the degree of effectiveness of various methods of organizing methodological activities in school, suggests that as a result of updating the forms and methods of organizing methodological work, there have been positive changes in motivation, teachers’ understanding of the requirements for the educational process, which includes the new education standard. The research results showed that the level of teacher motivation increased by 16%. An indicator such as “knowledge of the requirements that the standard includes” has quadrupled; the number of teachers who understand the principles of forming an assessment of the cognitive activity of students and are aware of the system for setting the final grade increased by 8 and 58%, respectively. The methodological activity of a modern teacher acts as a system-forming component of his pedagogical activity and is connected, on the one hand, with teaching methods, while, on the other hand, with ideas about specific actions aimed at designing, choosing and using these methods as ways of organizing educational and cognitive activities schoolchildren.

Matviyevskaya E.G., Moiseyeva A.N., Muratova A.A.
PECULIARITIES OF SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DESIGNIN MODERN CONDITIONS ^{[№ 5 ' 2019]}
The education of a harmoniously developed and socially responsible person on the basis of spiritual and moral values of the peoples of the Russian Federation and historical and national cultural traditions is enshrined in the leading normative documents of the State level. The national pedagogical tradition is to carry out the educational process in the system.
The school has the necessary resources to create an educational system that will ensure rich and socially significant activities of students, to form socially significant qualities: initiative, activity, responsibility.
The system construction of the educational process in the school is based on the organization of hard, out-of-school and out-of-school activities of the students. The core of the educational system is the continuing and emerging traditions in the educational organization. The preservation and creation of traditions is based on significant events, familiar relations in the collective, changes in the sociocultural situation and forms the way of school life.
In order to effectively design educational systems, it is necessary to bring them to conceptual and structural unity, which is ensured through the interaction of the specialized ministry, the specialized higher educational institution, municipal methodological services, school s and the improvement of the skills of participants implementing educational systems within the framework of professional activity. The most productive training is carried out with team training: a specialist of the municipal service, deputy director of educational work, head of the school methodical association of class leaders.
Prospects for the development of educational systems of schools are presented in the development of the institution of mentoring, mainstreaming, development of virtual methodological offices on problems of education; Identification and dissection of the best pedagogical experience.

Tavstukha O.G., Muratova A.A.
ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ADDITIONAL EDUCATION TEACHER IN VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE OF STUDENTS ^{[№ 3 ' 2018]}
Vocational guidance of students is standardly fixed in quality of function of the additional education teacher by the Federal law “About Education in the Russian Federation” and the professional standard “Additional Education Teacher of Children and Adults”. Vocational guidance assumes implementation of a complex of actions for formation of the active personality with the created subject position which is independently defining the professional destiny realizing the professional requirements imposed to her, the opportunities. Modern vision of vocational guidance proceeds from need of development of this direction in connection with globalization and development of the world market of work. The maintenance of the studied phenomenon is most fully reflected in the term “vocational guidance” (the professional management) is expressed in the help in the choice of the profession, most suitable for the person (the professional direction, sphere of activity of the person) which as much as possible corresponds to his abilities. Such help has to include: definition by the pupil of own opportunities, correlation of the potential professional choice with expectations of people around; awareness of possible risks; understanding of available options of receiving profession; understanding of the required qualification, remunerations for work; design of the career purposes; determination of additional competences and qualifications; studying of ways of job search; development of necessary personal qualities and ways of their development; development of resistance to stress and positive perception of unpleasant situations.
Vocational guidance demands from the additional education teacher of special preparation within continuous formation, search of technologies and options of preparation for the professional choice. Vocational guidance of pupils assumes implementation of the comprehensive psychology and pedagogical support aimed at sensibleness and validity of choice of profession and causing performance of functions by him: diagnostic, tactical, practical, analytical. Professional orientation activity of the additional education teacher includes the following areas of work: diagnostic, educational, advisory, organizational. Owing to specifics of the professional activity the additional education teacher is capable to exert positive and productive impact on choice of profession by the pupil.

Tavstukha O.G., Muratova A.A.
THE QUESTION OF FORMATION OF THE GENERAL CULTURE OF THE PRESCHOOL CHILD ^{[№ 10 ' 2017]}
Formation of the general culture of the personality is the leading task of preschool education. Determination of an entity of the general culture requires the appeal to a concept of culture as phenomenon. In foreign science the concept of culture is considered within the anthropological researches. In the 19th century the correlation of the person as member of society and culture as creativity and products of intellectual and art work was marked. In the 20th century scientists come to judgment of existence of a set of cultures and select the general cultural kernel: traditional (historically received and selected) the ideas embodied in values. In domestic science the concept of culture is considered within the humanitarian researches. D. Likhachev treats culture as the material and spiritual environment created by the person promoting enhancement and maintaining social norms and values and a humanization of the public relations. S. Mikhalap understands interdependent changes of the person as culture: from the development happening in activities to change of behavior and life. The concept of the general culture is reflected in declarative documents of the international level. In the Declaration on science and use of scientific knowledge and the agenda in the field of science of UNESCO the science which plays an important role in conversion of the modern society is defined by a component of the general culture. The general culture is understood by scientists as the sphere of social and creative activity of the personality (N. Smirnova), unity of education and good breeding (A. Belyaev); awareness of the student on national and universal culture, spiritual and moral aspects of life, public phenomena (B. Yarmakayev). In the research I. Zimnaya in the content of the general culture interdependent concepts are selected: personality, activities, attitude of the person towards, pattern, to another. N. Orekhovskaya calls “creation of culture” the leading characteristic of the modern education. Results of the theoretical analysis demonstrate that formation of the general culture assumes a directivity of pedagogical process on increase in level of social, intellectual, spiritual and moral development of the person. It needs to be begun with preschool education.

Ivanova A.P., Safiullina L.M., Mansurova G.R., Petukhova A.P., Sukhanova N.V., Zakirova M.B., Muratova K.R.
THE FIRST INFORMATION ABOUT THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF SOIL ALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA FROM THE MURTYKTY FIELD DEPOSIT OF "BASHKIR GOLD MINING COMPANY" (UCHALINSKII DISTRICT, REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN) ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
The species composition of soil algae and cyanobacteria from the Murktykty field deposit (the Uchalinsky region, the Republic of Bashkortostan) was studied. There were found 38 species and intraspecific taxons belonging to 5 divisions of them: Chlorophyta — 53 % (20 taxa), Cyanoprokaryota — 26 % (10 taxa), Bacillariophyta — 8 % (3 taxa), Ochrophyta — 8 % (3 taxa), Charophyta — 5 % (2 taxa). The taxonomic and ecological structures of algae flora were considered. The leading taxons and the most often found species were revealed. The dominant species: division of Chlorophyta — Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, Bracteacoccus minor (Chodat) Petrova, division of Cyanoprokaryota — Leptolyngbya foveolarum (Rabenhorst ex Gomont) of Anagnostidis et Komбrek and Trichocoleus cf. hospitus (Hahsgirg ex Gomont) of Anagnostidis. Divisions: Bacillariophyta, Ochrophyta and Charophyta were characterized by a low specific diversity. Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) of Grunow in Cleve & Grunow had the highest incidence in the samples from the field from them. The analysis of life forms in decreasing order of number of the species defined the following range of ecobiomorphs: Ch₁₇P₉X₄B₃H₃N₁C₁ with prevalence of the coccoid algae — ubiquistic relating to the Ch-form and the xerothytic of representatives of the P-form. The analysis of percentage ratio of the identified species of divisions from the territory of the field was carried out. The greatest specific variety was observed in the test № 6 (control), the lowest was revealed in the test № 5 (boulders of the old dump). Floristic similarity of samples was analyzed by applying Serensena-Czekanovskii coefficient which showed lower level of similarity taxonomic composition of floras. High value of coefficient was in the tests № 1 and 3 (50 %). Low value (9 %) was between test №4 with other tests.

Muratova N.D.
THE LEGAL CULTURE OF THE PROCESSUAL SOLUTIONS ^{[№ 3 ' 2011]}
The author examined the noteworthy problem about the legal culture of the processual solutions in the criminal legal procedure.

Muratova N.G., Kochetova A.V.
REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH SHMELEV E.S. "LEGAL REGULATION OF APPEALS, MODERN RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS". ORENBURG: LLC AGENCY "PRESS", 2009. - 322 PP. ^{[№ 3 ' 2010]}

Muratova N.G.
REWARD OF INNOCENT IN CRIMINAL PROCESS: HISTORICAL TRADITIONS AND CONTEMPORANEITY ^{[№ 3 ' 2006]}
The problems of the concept "reward" in criminal process, known from the history of the Russian Pravda that reward is collection "for insult" of victim, are regarded in this article.