May 2015, № 5 (180)

Shestopalov S.S. DECORATIVE AND ARTISTIC TECHNIQUES IN THE GARDEN AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE AS A REFLECTION OF ITS SOCIAL ROLEThe article is devoted to decorative and artistic techniques developed in the architecture of gardening associations of the postwar period. Well studied as an economic and social phenomenon, these settlements are hardly studied as phenomena of architecture and urban planning. Meanwhile the rapid changes taking place in their development nowadays make the attempt to interpret their architectural features very timely and topical. Architecture of the gardening associations formed under the influence of four important conditions: the presence of the strict and almost not changing within decades planning structure of settlements, the high rate of change of the individual sites, semiprofessional architecture and the lack of building materials. Taken together, these factors lead to the emergence of somewhat chaotic architecture in which there is, despite the generally unfavorable conditions, a sufficient variety of decorative techniques. Analysis of a large number of garden cottages allows to emphasize several types of decorative art techniques, common for the garden and villa architecture: floral decor hiding facade, a specific shape of windows, ubiquitous ways of wall cladding, facade painting features, which play an important role in individualization of garden cottages along with carved wooden details. Almost all of the arts and artistic techniques (except the carved wood pieces) are performed, in addition to the aesthetic, yet practical function, and, moreover, are highly dependent on the living conditions of the family owners of the site. A considerable variety of social functions, which are carried out in the garden communities of the urban family has identified the need to find patterns of application of a decorative technique arising from the role of home and garden area, prevailing in certain cases.Key words: dacha, gardening associations, collective gardenings, decorative and artistic techniques.

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Year: 2015

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Sergey Aleksandrovich
MIROSHNIKOV

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