Belonovskaya I.D., Petrova S.D., Kuznetsov V.V.
HEURISTIC APPROACHES IN SOLVING ENGINEERING PROBLEMS BY FUTURE TECHNOLOGISTS AND DESIGNERS ^{[№ 2 ' 2023]}
The modern stage of development of mechanical engineering is characterized by the need for highly qualified specialists who are ready for a quick change of production conditions. The problems of preparing machine builders for the dynamics of the world of work determine the search for new means of developing their heuristic professionally-oriented competencies. In the prevailing socio-political and economic conditions, characteristic directions of rapid transformations of production conditions are determined, such as changes in the product range, product release programs, equipment and tooling. Heuristic strategies determine options for various promising solutions, significantly reduce the duration of the search for optimal versions.
Diagnostics of the readiness of future machine builders to solve problems using heuristics revealed significant problems associated with the predominance of a low level of development of technical thinking (up to 57% of respondents) and insufficient motivation (up to 82%) to use heuristic approaches in future professional activity.
Experimental work in groups of future machine builders proved that the integrated introduction of command forms into the educational process of training machine builders, the development of heuristic techniques for solving production tasks allows to intensify the process of preparation for changes in production conditions. The frequency of using heuristic techniques increased by 47.3%, the number of students with increased (from 31.3% to 45.7%) or high (from 5.2% to 12.7%) levels of such skills increased, manifestations of a high level of general skills of using heuristic techniques in technical tasks of future professional activity increased (an increase of 7.1%).

Vershinin A.A., Petrov A.M., Zaynulgabidinov E.R., Karimullin L.K.
OIL POLLUTION AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS ^{[№ 3 ' 2018]}
Content of microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) in light-grey forest medium loamy soil, grey forest light loamy soil, dark-grey forest light loamy soil, sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil and sod-podzolic medium loamy soil under different levels of residual content of oil products was studied. The nature of change of microbe biomass carbon and share of microbial carbon in organic substance of soil (Cmic/Corg) dependent on soil type, granulometric composition and residual content of oil. Increase of non-polar hydrocarbons concentration led to decrease both microbial biomass carbon and Cmic/Corg. Among the soils studied microbiota of sod-podzolic sabulous soil appeared to be the most sensitive to oil pollution. Carbone content of dark-grey forest light loamy soil remained at high level and virtually unchanged even high doses of pollutant. The lack of inhibitory effect on the basal respiration of studied soils within the using range of pollutant concentrations indicates sufficiently intensive degradation of oil hydrocarbons. Against the background of absence of influence of pollutant concentration on the speed of basal respiration, increase in content of oil products led to a increase in the speed of substrate-induced respiration. This effect is most pronounced in the experimental varianrs of light sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil. The decrease in activity of substrate-induced respiration of dark-grey forest light loamy soil in 10 % is registered only in variants containing 4,94 and 6,45 g/kg of oil products. Practically in all variants of experiment the inhibitory effect of oil pollution on the growth of wheat roots was recorded. Sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil was most exposed to the negative influence of the pollutant. In other soils, phytoeffect is determinate by the residual oil content in soil. In the course of conducted researches somt interrelation between microbial potential (Cmic and Cmic/Corg ) and toxicity of oil polluted soils was found. The maximum toxicity for higher plants were identified in the sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil, with a minimum reserve of microbial carbon.

Petrovа S.D.
PEDAGOGICAL POTENTIAL OF HEURISTIC TASKS IN FORMATION OF TECHNICAL COMPETENCE FUTURE TRAINING OFFICER ^{[№ 6 ' 2017]}
Development of the industry and requirement of economic growth of the national economy put a problem of increase in level of technical competence of future training officers before professional education that found reflection in new normative documents — the Professional standard “Teacher of Professional Education” and FGOS SPO “Vocational education”. Graduates of this specialty provide training of workers and experts of an average link in technical schools, colleges, the centers of applied qualifications, in training centers. The considerable share of professional activity substitutes itself the solution of the technical tasks containing heuristics elements that causes their development in educational process. On the basis of the analysis of the concepts “technical competence”, comparison of competences and labor functions of training officers was the hypothesis of use of heuristic tasks as effective pedagogical remedy of formation of technical competence of future training officer is made. In this context, heuristic tasks are a form of representation of a training material in the form of a task in which technical terminology is used. Data and conditions are submitted is incomplete or superfluous. They describe a problem situation of development of technology. The operator focuses on the solution of a technical contradiction. The way of the decision is based on methods of technical creativity and heuristics. Process of the decision demands independent, search forms of educational and creative activity in the sphere of the equipment; the result of the decision is development of a technical object, new to the student or engineering procedure and is focused on practical application in education or production. The main functions of heuristic tasks are revealed. Their pedagogical potential is determined. Components of technical competence — knowledge, abilities, experience, the relations and an assessment are installed. The made experiment on use of a complex of heuristic tasks in the conditions of college showed that the level of technical competence of experimental groups grew in comparison with control groups by 11–12.2 % on an integrated indicator. That proves legitimacy of the choice of heuristic tasks and adequacy of an assessment of their potential in formation of technical competence.

Petrovа S.D.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL THINKING OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: CURRENT APPROACHES AND METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS ^{[№ 8 ' 2016]}
The article defines the importance of the development of technical thinking of college students as a basis for the preparation of technicians for modern mechanical engineering, raketo-, aircraft and automotive industry, where physical and mechanical processes are an integral part of the work of all equipment and facilities. Obtained universal mass and specific professional and educational approaches to solving the problems of development of technical thinking youth. Given the results of testing of methods of diagnostics of technical thinking of students. The comparative test data Bennett and spatial reasoning tests I.S. Yakimanskaya, V.G. Zarkhin and H.-M.H. Kadayasa, intelligence studies R. Amthauera, subtests Eysenck test (math skills), test Lippmann «Thinking» test «Individual styles of thinking» (Alekseev, L. Thunder). 623 college students were tested. We discuss the technical didactic resources heuristic tasks and assignments. The heuristic tasks were considered as a basic pedagogical tool. At the same time in the first year was dominated Testing techniques, in the second year — technical games — contests, competitions, quizzes, the third engineering games based on the «brainstorming», «brainstorming» with the use of TRIZ, ARIZ, in the fourth year — Analysis specific work situations, the decision heuristic problems. In order to develop technical thinking of college students identified the following main directions of pedagogical experiment. On ascertaining step in the learning process should be developed and implemented a set of methods of diagnostics of technical thinking, which will reveal the individual characteristics of the student tier. In the formative stage formed micro-groups of students, taking into account the peculiarities of development of technical thinking on a «generator of ideas — Support Laboratory»; in various forms of educational process implemented heuristic tasks that contribute to the development of motivation to study technical direction resource practices on non-standard work situations of professional activity.

Petrova M.V., Yamalov S.M.
SYNTAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STEPPE COMMUNITIES OF THE SOUTH OF THE BASHKIR CIS-URALS ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Steppes in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan Cis-Urals are fragmented and are mostly located on the south slopes in steppe and forest-steppe zones. At the present time these communities are insufficiently studied in the region. The aim of article is to reveal the diversity of the floristic composition of the RB Cis-Urals south part steppes and represent it in Braun-Blanquet system units. The analysis was conducted with using the computer software: Turboveg, Twinspan, Juice. 19 geobotanical releves of plant communities made during the field season of 2013 by authors are the basis of analysis. According to results of syntaxonomic analysis three associations and two community without rank were allocated. They belongs to the meadow steppes order Festucetalia valesiacae and true steppes order Helictotricho-Stipetalia (class Festuco-Brometea). Bunch grasses dry steppes are presented by association Artemisio austriacae — Stipetum lessingianae. petrophytic communities on the limestones are combined in association Salvio nutantis — Stipetum korshinskyi и community Artemisia lerchiana-Krascheninnikovia ceratoides. most mesophytic meadow steppes is classified in association Poo angustifoliae — Stipetum pennatae. Low species richness pastures combined in basal communities Festuca pseudovina [Festucetalia valesiacae] и Stipa capillata [Festucetalia valesiacae].

Petrova S.D., Kostryukov A.V.
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OF DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL THINKING OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ^{[№ 11 ' 2014]}
In article relevance of development of technical thinking of students (future training officers, technicians) in the conditions of university college is defined. Results of approbation of techniques of diagnostics of development of technical thinking of various categories of students are yielded. In a pedagogical context basic concepts, structure and specifics of the studied process are specified. Methods and forms of work of teachers of college are presented and resources of development of technical thinking are specified. Didactic opportunities of technical tasks, educational interaction, partner enterprises and potential employers, possibilities of competitions, development of working professions are discussed.

Kozlovа O., Shelomentsev A., Petrovskaya A.A.
METHODOLOGICAL QUESTIONS TO ASSESS THE SOCIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PPPS PROJECTS' IN HEALTH CARE ^{[№ 8 ' 2014]}
The article discusses methodological support to assess the social effectiveness of public-private partnerships in health care. The authors propose an approach to the system of indicators to measure the social effectiveness, reflecting qualitative changes resulting from the implementation of such projects. Index of public satisfaction health care is proposed as the main criterion for evaluating the social orientation of the projects.

Grigorieva O.S., Makarova T.P., Petrovicheva E.A.
INNOVATIONAL LABORATORY PRACTICE OF GENERAL CHEMICAL DISCIPLINES IN A FORM OF MICHROCHEMICAL EXPERIMENT ^{[№ 2 ' 2011]}
The article is devoted to scientific developments in the introduction of micro-chemical equipment for laboratory studies on obschehimicheskim disciplines at the university. The technique of setting microscience, stages of pedagogical research and the main results of testing of an innovative workshop.

Brudastov Yu.A., Bachurskaya N.S., Petrova E.V., Brudastov A.N.
BACTERICIDAL EFFECTS OF ACTIVE METABOLITES OF OXYGEN ^{[№ 12 ' 2006]}

Petrov V.O.
PIANO DUET IN THE CONTEXT OF HOME MAKING MUSIC: GENRE AND CULTURAL SPHERE ^{[№ 10 ' 2006]}
The time of Baroque traditions, which is connected with home making music, is one of interesting epochs in development of cultural-historical existence of XVIII century. The genre of piano duet is distinguished as a type of particular union of people in cultural sphere in the context of given cultural phenomenon of the musical art. Its general genre features: their genesis, formation and evolution are regarded in this article.

Medvedev P.V., Petrova G.V., Stepanov A.S.
PROBLEM OF BIORESOURCES PROTECTION AT THE ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY OF BAKING INDUSTRY ^{[№ 9 ' 2006]}
The results of antropogenic influence factors analysis of baking industry enterprises on bioresources conditions are presented in this article. A number of organizational-technical measures of bread plant negative influence decrease on condition of ambient air, soil, water resources is suggested here.

Aralbaeva F.Z., Petrova E.V.
ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY FROM POSSIBLE ELIMINATION OF DAMAGE AT REALIZATION OF ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE STATE AT A REGION LEVEL ^{[№ 8 ' 2006]}
Questions of necessity of an efficiency estimation of economic policy realization of the state at a region level are considered. Approaches are analyzed to efficiency concept. The technique is developed of an estimation of absolute efficiency of economic policy realization of the state at a region level. The technique is approved on materials of Orenburg region for the period of 1999-2003. Significant reserves are revealed for increase of efficiency of economic policy realization of the state at a region level.

Petrov A.V.
THE SYSTEM OF SOVIET MILITIA: THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT DURING 1919-1921 (REGIONAL ASPECT) ^{[№ 3 ' 2006]}
This article is devoted to the system of soviet militia at 1919-1921 and problem questions of its development on the level of regional aspect.

Petrov L.J.
COMPETENT APPROACH IN MODERN MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT ^{[№ 10 ' 2005]}
Modernization of modern education demands essentially new approach to professional competence of the pedagogical staff from the head of educational establishment. Basic changes of teachers` competence should concern, in our opinion, first of all the organization of mobile, situational, individualized process of education. For this purpose it is necessary for head of educational establishment to solve, first, problems of humanization, continuity of development of staff`s competence, second, technologization and standardizations of education promoting creation of uniform educational space in an educational institution. It becomes the mechanism of continuous development of the pedagogical staff`s competence.

Aralbaeva F.Z., Aralbaev G.G., Petrova E.V.
THE USE OF INDEX’S SYSTEM FOR APPRAISAL OF LIFE LEVEL OF ORENBURG REGION POPULATION ^{[№ 8 ' 2005]}
The problems of index’s system use for appraisal of life level of population are regarded in this article. The methodology of single-component, two-component and system indexes, and also conditions of its use are analyzed here. The calculation of all indexes’ types on the example of Orenburg region during the period 1999 – 2003 is realized and this calculation is represented in comparison with indexes of the Russian Federation on the whole. Considerable gap of the Orenburg region life level from the general Russian life level at all used indexes’ types is revealed here too.