Sviridova Т.G., Salnikova Е.V., Romanenko N.A., Kanygina O.N.
CONCENTRATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ON THE SURFACE OF C₁₈-HYBRID SILICA GEL FOR SAMPLE PREPARATION IN WATER QUALITY CONTROL METHODS ^{[№ 12 ' 2017]}
The solid-phase microconcentration of organochlorine pesticides (alpha-hexachlorocyclohexan (α-HСН), gamma-hexachlorocyclohexan (γ-HСН) and a 4.4-dichlordifeniltrikhloretan (4.4-DDT) on the surface of the sorbent C₁₈-hybrid silica gel, is an alternative to the classical method of preparing water samples for gas chromatographic analysis on the separation of two liquid phases. The need for a transition to solid-phase extraction of samples is dictated by the fact that this modern method significantly saves the sample preparation time, reduces the number of races of walking materials several times, and also avoids secondary contamination of samples. The degree of extraction of pesticides from water samples was analyzed in static and dynamic conditions. The conditions of sorption extraction were optimized by varying the type of desorbent solution and the contact time of the phases. As a result, it was shown that the nature of the desorbent had no significant effect on the time to achieve sorption equilibrium, but an increase in the extraction rates of organic pesticides with an increase in the volume fraction of acetone in n-hexane was observed. In addition, it was found that the degree of recovery of 4.4-DDT in all variants of the experiment was lower in comparison with α-HСН and γ-HСН in similar conditions. The use of dynamic mode with the use of the semi-automatic microsyringe SGE-Chromatec eVoL^XR made it possible to slightly increase the recovery of all organochlorine pesticides used in comparison with the corresponding experiments in the static regime. In general, the results confirm the possibility of switching to this method of preparation of water samples for analytical control over the content of the examined organochlorine pesticides in the samples, and the calculated characteristics of the extraction rates make it possible to carry out the studies without losing the quality of the analysis.

Kushnareva O.P., Kanygina O.N.
ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL MONTMORILLONITE CLAY CONTAINING ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 9 ' 2017]}
Clays are used in the production of paper, paints, drilling fluids, cleaning of petroleum products and in many other directions. A lot of research has been done on the hydrophilic, sorption and ion-exchange properties of clay materials. However, there is very little information on the properties of clays in the Orenburg region. Of interest is the study of ion exchange processes occurring on the surface of natural non-enriched montmorillonite containing clays of the Orenburg region. The influence of high-temperature treatment on the pH and ion-exchange properties of aqueous suspensions containing particles of natural clay of the Orenburg deposit in sizes from 160 to 630 microns was investigated. In order to separate the physical and chemical processes occurring at high temperatures in clay minerals, a series of successive stepwise firing was performed in the temperature range from 300 to 900° C with a holding time of 2 hours at each temperature. The pH values of clay suspensions after this temperature action vary nonmonotonically from 8.90 in the initial sample to 12.46 after calcination at 900° C. According to the results of potentiometric titration, the ion-exchange capacity is calculated as a function of pH. When the pH is changed from 3.5 to 7, a significant increase in the ion exchange capacity is observed. The transition to the alkaline zone sharply weakens the ion-exchange properties of the clay. In the pH range from 7 to 9, ion exchange capacity is reduced and becomes insignificant. Temperature treatment does not affect the preservation of ion-exchange properties of clay. The authors convincingly explain the results obtained by the loss of moisture during heating and the phase transformations that occur, as well as the chemical composition of the clay studied. In their opinion, the presence in the clay of a large number of iron, copper and cobalt ions in an alkaline medium leads to the formation of strong hydroxocomplexes of various composition in the montmorillonite structure, which hinders ion exchange.

Kanygina O.N., Anisina I.N.
NATURAL CLAY FROM ORENBURZHYE AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR FONCTIONAL CERAMICS ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
For new ceramic materials with desired properties requires careful assessment of the state of natural resources and prospects of the development of new ceramic materials with the use of mineral resources, in particular, the Orenburg region. Installed promising natural montmorillonite and kaolinite-containing clay as a raw material for functional materials. It is shown that the optimization of the composition of the ceramic mass allows to develop ways of shaping and firing modes, determines the kinetics of drying, roasting, and the formation of structures with a wide range of characteristics. Technological properties of ceramic materials and 4 species, drawn from natural unenriched containing montmorillonite and kaolinite clay, identified by primary macroparameters sintering processes: volumetric shrinkage and weight loss during sintering, the density of the resulting ceramic. The maximum value of mass loss (12 %) are observed for the blend, which contained 60 % montmorillonite and containing 40% kaolin clay, fired at 950 °C (2h) with intermediate hours at 500 °C and 700 °C. Optimal shrinkage values (about 11–13 %) of the samples obtained during the firing of 950 and 1 100 °C are indicative of a satisfactory rate of sintering and observed for the blend of the same composition. Changing the montmorillonite clay content in the range 40–60 % has no effect on shrinkage at high temperature firing. Increasing the firing temperature generally leads to higher density, except for batch containing 80 % montmorillonite clay, glass phase which starts to boil and form large clusters pore occupying the volume of the sample to 0.5.

Filyak M., Kanygina O.
GROWTH KINETICS OF THE FILM OF ANODIC ALUMINA IN SODIUM HYDROXIDE ELECTROLYTE ^{[№ 9 ' 2015]}
Recently, porous anodic alumina is widely used as a template for nano-structured material production. Films from alkaline electrolytes are not being studied widely. Meanwhile, alkaline electrolytes are certainly of scientific and practical interest. Anodization of aluminum was performed in a double-electrode electrochemical cell in electrolytes on the basis of sodium hydroxide in the potentiostatic mode and at the simultaneous chronoamperometric control. Experimentally the thickness of anodic aluminum oxide was determined by the gravimetric method. The theoretical computation of thickness of oxide was carried out on the basis of the Faraday's law by the method of chronoamperogram numerical integration. The value of the anodization constant has been calculated to the known thickness of anodic alumina. By using the calculated anodization constant has been stated the theoretical dependency of anodic oxide thickness vs time. In the result of studies has been established the following: for electrolyte concentration 0.1 M and voltage 30 V the anodization constant is (3,67 ± 0,2) • 10^–7 sm²/mAHmin and does not depend on anodization time; the value of anodization constant for alkaline electrolytes is less than for acidic type; the anodization constant value allows you to control of anodic film thickness and production of films of certain thickness.

Kravtsova O.S., Kanygina O.N.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RHEOLOGICAL MODEL SYSTEM "WATER-CONTAINING KAOLIN CLAY" ^{[№ 1 ' 2015]}
The possibility of using rheological models Gatchek E. and Hodakov G.S. for determining the viscosity of the system "water — kaolinit containing clay". First experimental results proved the applicability of the Hodakov model with the dependence of the relative amount of free water in the slurry from the dispersion of particles of clay minerals.

Filyak M., Kanygina O.
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ANODIC ALUMINUM OXIDE FROM SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS ^{[№ 1 ' 2015]}
The dielectric strength, dielectric loss-angle tangent and dielectric constant of the porous anodic alumina, obtained by anodizing in electrolytes based on sodium hydroxide, were determined. The relationship of these parameters with modes of anodizing and the anodic film morphology have been investigated It was found out that the less value of the dielectric constant and increased losses were associated with morphological features of the anodic film of the alkaline electrolyte.

Kanygina O.N., Anisina I.N., Davletbakov R.R.
BRITTLE FAILURE OF THE CERAMIC MATERIAL, REINFORCED WITH SIC-PARTICLES ^{[№ 9 ' 2014]}
The parameters of the brittle failure ceramic material reinforced with silicon carbide particles is investigated. It is established that the maximum strength and minimum rate of crack propagation is achieved by variation of the internal parameters and firing optimization.

Kanygina O.N., Chetverikova A.G., Strekalovskaya A.D., Varlamova O.V.
TO A QUESTION OF SORPTION PURIFICATION OF WATER BY MONTMORILLONITE CONTAINING CLAY ^{[№ 9 ' 2014]}
The problem of water purification by natural clay minerals is considered. Basic possibility of use of the modified montmorillonite containing clay as adsorbent for water purification from ions of calcium, magnesium, iron, chlorides, sulfates and residual chlorine is established. Influence of disperse structure of clay particles on its sorption activity is shown.

Kanygina O.N., Kravtzova O.S., Volkov E.V.
MICRORHEOLOGY OF BRICK CLAYS FROM ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 1 ' 2014]}
We investigated the dependence of the viscosity of water-clay suspensions from the dispersion of the particles. To identify the dominant physical and chemical processes occurring in the system "clay — water" applied Khodakov's rheological model. Determined that the main parameters influencing the suspension viscosity, are: the actual volume concentration of the solid phase, diminished in the process of interaction of clay with water, and the relative amount of occluded aggregates of particles of the dispersion medium depends on the dispersion of clay particles.

Kanygina O.N., Chetverikova A.G., Ogerchyk А.А.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BRICK CLAY FROM ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 1 ' 2014]}
The thermal conductivity coefficients of ceramics, synthesized from brick clay are determined. The dependence of them from a dispersed and firing mode is established.

Kanygina O.N., Anisina I.N., Chetverikova A.G., Salnikova E.V.
MONTMORILLONITE CONTAINING CLAY FROM ORENBURG REGION AS THE RAW MATERIAL FOR FUNCTIONAL CERAMICS ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The availability of nature montmorillonite containing clay as the raw material for functional ceramics is determined. It is demonstrated that the choice of disperse composition of clay set of drying and sintering kinetics, the evolution of structure with wide spectrum of characteristics.

Adzhieva M.D., Shalagin R.V., Lelyukhin A.S., Kanygina O.N.
EFFECT OF CONDITIONS OF GENERATION OF X-RADIATION AT MEASUREMENTS OF POROSITY OF CERAMIC MATERIALS BY A RADIATION METHOD ^{[№ 9 ' 2013]}
The problem of creating porosity of radiation measuring instrument is discussed. Method of making the calibration samples is described. Shows the influence of the conditions of X-ray emission on the measurement results. Found that the reduction scattering coefficient is linearly dependent on the porosity of the ceramic samples.

Filyak M., Kanygina O.
THE ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANODIC ALUMINA ^{[№ 9 ' 2013]}
The kinetic of the electrochemical oxidation of aluminum in alkaline electrolyte hase been investigated. Dielectric strength and resistivity of anodic films depending on modes of anodizing have been determined. It was stated that that the dielectric strength of anodic films obtained in alkaline electrolytes, was not worse than that obtained in acidic electrolytes. The resistivity of these films is lower then the resistivity of films from acidic electrolytes.

Filyak M.M., Kanygina O.N.
THE FEATURES OF FORMATION OF POROUS ANODIC ALUMINUM OXIDE IN ALKALINE ELECTROLYTE. ^{[№ 1 ' 2013]}
The features of formation of anodic porous aluminum oxide in alkaline solution have been investigated. The dependence of the morphology of the anodic film on the modes of anodizing has been established.

Adzhieva M.D., Kuvshinov N.A., Lelyukhin A.S., Kanygina O.N.
EVALUATION OF POROUS MATERIALS BY MEASURING THE COEFFICIENT OF REDUCTION SCATTERING ^{[№ 9 ' 2012]}
We propose to evaluate the porosity of bulk samples of materials to the value of the reduced scattering coefficient. Submitted by X-ray diagram of the measurement method and the block diagram of the experimental equipment. It is shown that the reduced scattering coefficient depends linearly on the porosity.