Fomina M.V., Mikhailova E.A., Zherebyateva O.A., Sokolova O.Ya., Fateeva T.A., Borisov S.D., Aznabaeva L.M., Bibartseva E.V., Liskova E.V., Lyashenko I.E.
FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION IN THE ELECTRONIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING ^{[№ 2 ' 2022]}
The field of higher education can be called one of those that the COVID-19 pandemic has had the most impact on a global scale. The changes affected, first of all, the format of communication. The aim of the study was to study the preferences of students in the use of social networks, instant messengers for communication, platforms for posting content, video conferencing services for online lectures and consultations during the periods of May-June and November-December 2020. The study showed that in the period May-June 2020, respondents preferred WhatsApp in 50% of cases, email 42.8%, video conferencing services Zoom Meetings 3.6%, Google Meet web application 3.6%. That testified to the role of mobile means of communication in the educational process. The second survey, which took place in November-December 2020, showed a trend of using Zoom Meetings at 50%, email at 28.6%, WhatsApp at 7.2% of cases. According to the respondents, Zoom Meetings proved to be the most convenient tool (72.4%), which, according to users, has a functional interface (75.8%), the ability to share a screen (89.6%), an audio recording and video recording service of a conference ( 96.5%. In turn, Skype was considered convenient for video conferencing by only 13.8% of respondents, along with this, a big minus was noted — there was no possibility of screen sharing. Thus, it is difficult to overestimate the impact of the pandemic on the transition of higher educational institutions to a remote form of work, which radically changed communication in the electronic information and educational environment of universities and posed the problem for the teaching staff in an extremely short time to master digital tools for implementing the educational process using distance learning technologies.

Fomina M.V., Mikhaylova E.A., Aznabaeva L.M., Kirgizova S.B., Zherebyateva О.О.
THE COMMUNICATIVE COMPONENT OF EDUCATIONAL CONTENT IN THE ASPECT OF CORPORATE CULTURE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY ^{[№ 6 ' 2018]}
Professional medical activity has a number of specific features, its success is determined not only by professional knowledge and skills, but also interpersonal communication skills. In connection with the increasing requirements to the level of communicative competence of a specialist, the formation of a communicative component of the content of education that contributes to the formation of professionally significant qualities in students of a medical University, providing a communicative basis for future successful professional activity becomes relevant.
We carried out a study on the diagnosis of the empathic ability of medical students on techniques A. Mehrabian, N. Epstein and V.V. Boyko. The study showed that 39.4% of the surveyed students have an average level of formation of empathic abilities, 51.1% — low and 9.5% — very low. In 89.6% of girls in communication dominated emotional channel, due to the greater ability of girls to enter into an emotional resonance with others. 54.5% of the boys showed the rational and 44.4% — intuitive channels of empathy. Attention is drawn to the fact that only 34.4% of students demonstrated an average ability to empathy, which indicated a lack of skills to create an atmosphere of information and energy exchange in interaction with patients, and 55.5% of respondents did not identify themselves as a subject of empathic relations in future professional activities.
Our results indicate the need for early diagnosis and further development of professionally significant communicative qualities of the future doctor at all stages of Higher education, based on the principles of corporate culture of the medical University and the traditions of the Russian medical school.

Fomina M.V., Mikhailova E.A., Kuznetsova N.P., Morozovа A.I., Kirgizova S.B., Aznabaeva L.M., Zherebyatyeva O.О., Safarova D.R.
MEDICAL-ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF RESISTANCE MICROFLORA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT ^{[№ 12 ' 2017]}
Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract bacterial nature of the disease, which most often otolaryngologists in modern conditions are becoming increasingly epidemiological, economic and social significance. The trend in recent years has been the changing epidemiology of causative agents of this disease, the properties of the pathogens, resistance to drugs. Along with this, there are regional differences of indicators of resistance of microorganisms, which complicates the selection of antimicrobial agents in starting empirical therapy of acute rhinosinusitis in children. A monitoring study of the species composition of microflora of nasal cavity showed that, along with the leading (80.3 %) etiologically significant representatives of pathogenic flora — gram-positive cocci (mainly Staphylococcus аureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus), the microflora was represented by gram-negative rods bacteria of the genus Klebsiella (Klebsiella pneumonicae) — 1.6 %. Among non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria in 0.8 % of cases were allocated to members of the genus Pseudomonas. According to the study, the selected isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus were not sensitive to ampicillin/sulbactam in 75 % of cases, ceftazidime — 73.3 %, the highest activity possessed antimicrobial agents ceftriaxone (87.5 %) and azithromycin (89.1 % of cases). In turn, Staphylococcus аureus in 54.5 % of cases were sensitive to ceftazidime, 45.4 % to oxacillin. Observed high sensitivity of the pathogen to erythromycin (100 %), gentamycin (100 %), ofloxacin and ceftriaxone — 90.9 % of cases. The results obtained, taking into account regional differences in the indicators of resistance of microorganisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics, can be used in starting the empirical therapy of acute rhinosinusitis in children.

Makhalova G.O., Mikhailova E.A., Kshnyaseva S.K., Konstantinova O.D., Zherebyatyeva O.O., Fomina M.V., Pervushina L.A., Aznabaeva L.M., Kirgizova S.B., Lyashenko I.E.
HYPOBARIC HYPOXYTHERAPY AS THE FACTOR OF THE REGULATION OF MICROECOLOGICAL VIOLATIONS OF THE UROGENITAL BIOTOPE AT NONCARRYING OF PREGNANCY PREGNANCY NOT INCUBATION ^{[№ 8 ' 2017]}
In the clinical medicine, various methods of the hypoxic system are widely used as a non-medicament means of correction of the functional state. The study included the biological material of 90 women planning a pregnancy. The authors evaluated the effect of hypobaric hypoxic therapy in complex pregravid preparation for the normalization of cytokine levels in the cervical discharge in women with habitual miscarriages of the fetus. Concentrations of IL-1β and γ-IFN were performed using the solid-phase ELISA method, using reagent kits from Cytokine (St. Petersburg, Russia). Hypobaric treatment is carried out in the Russian medical vacuum unit-the Ural-1 pressure chamber. In women, before the planned pregnancy, the level of IL-1β averaged (40.7 ± 2.8) pg/ml, the concentration of INF-γ was (46.0 ± 2.3) pg/ml. Comparative evaluation with healthy indices revealed that these values exceed the lessons of the test markers in healthy women. In patients treated under the conditions of a pressure chamber, indications, in comparison with the initial, the content of proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1β, was determined on average in a concentration of (17.9 ± 2.8) pg/ml. As for changes in the concentration of INF-γ, its level significantly decreased after hypobarotherapy and amounted to (6.1 ± 1.3) pg/ml. Based on the results of the work, the authors worked out a method for hypobaric hypoxic therapy, suitable for treating this group of patients. The essence of the technique is that the inclusion in the complex pregravid preparation of 22 GPG sessions for 2 hours daily may be expedient, since it leads to a level of proinflammatory cytokine levels, bringing them closer to the level of healthy women.

Aznabaev R.A., Shavaleeva K.R.
PREVENTION OF DEHYDRATION CORNEAL FLAP DURING THE PROCEDURE LASIK ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
LASIK procedure in patients with high myopia is related with a long period and increasing depth of ablation. These featuresmay cause postoperative complications such as epithelial ingrowth under the flap, aseptic inflammation,flap dystrophy syndrome, thereby reducing patient satisfaction and lengthening the period of rehabilitation after surgery, as well as the development of dry eye disease. 1 month after surgery average score of lacrimal functional complex assessment in the study group was 3.1±0.7. In 8 patients (33 %) state of lacrimal functional complex was in the normal range (0 points), 16 (64 %) — borderline (1 to 10 points). Average score in comparison group was higher than in the study (5.2 ± 1.3, p < 0.05). Lacrimal functional complex was within normal limits in 3 patients (15 %), 17 (85 %) — in a boundary condition. At 3-month follow-average score was 1.9 ± 1.1) and 3.6 ± 0.8) (p < 0.05), lacrimal functional complex within the normal range in 14 and 6 patients, respectively. Application of the proposed method of protection of corneal flap from dehydration during LASIK in a limited surgical field, prevents the flap shrinkage, thus contributing the full adaptation of the flap edges to avoid postoperative complications and to achieve maximum optical effects, as well as reduce the risk of dry eye in patients with high myopia.

Zainutdinova G.H., Aznabaeva L.F., Faizullin A.S.
EXTRACELLULAR PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY OF BLOOD IN NEWBORN INFANTS WITH RISK OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
The problem of early diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at the present stage remains very relevant due to the increasing number of children with this pathology. The important point in the pathogenesis of ROP is the development of oxidative stress associated with increased production of free radicals and their destructive effects on various organs, including the retina. Several studies proved that the development of ROP occurs on the background of reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase. In antioxidant protection has also participated peroxidase system, in particular, the enzyme peroxidase introduced into the extracellular space during phagocytosis, the cellular damage of the organs, tissues and catalyzes the oxidation of various substances with hydrogen peroxide. One of the indicators to assess the state of the peroxidase system is the determination of blood of activity extracellular peroxidase. However, data on the participation of the extracellular peroxidase activity (ЕPA) in blood development and character of the clinical course of ROP in the available scientific literature, the authors found. In this work results of investigations of indicator oxidant-antioxidant protection — extracellular peroxidase activity of the blood in 3-4 week 63 preterm infants. Conducted research indicator of extracellular peroxidase activity in serum in preterm infants showed that 48.8 % of infants with reduced values was the development of some clinical forms of retinopathy of prematurity. The majority (61.9 %) of them developed stage I, almost a third (28,6 %) showed progression to stage II–III, in fewer cases diagnosed (9.5 %) of posterior aggressive form of the disease. Research conducted by the authors found that the risk of developing ROP rises upon detection of concomitant somatic pathology of organs of breathing and circulation with reduced activity of extracellular peroxidases of the blood serum in preterm infants at 3–4 weeks of age.

Shavaleeva K.R., Aznabaev R.A.
DRY EYE SYNDROME IN LASIK PLANNING: CAUSES AND METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS (REVIEW) ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
Dry eye symptoms are fairly common in patients prior to LASIK, very often due to dry eye-associated contact lens intolerance leading patients to seek alternate methods of refractive error correction. This review presents the main causes of dry eye syndrome and methods for its diagnosis. The prevalence of dry eye symptoms prior to undergoing LASIK is estimated to be between 38 and 75 %. Post-LASIK, it has been widely shown that a majority of patients complain of dry eye symptoms, especially in the early postoperative period. Immediately after LASIK, 95 % of patients report some dry eye symptoms. Dry eye symptoms are reported in as high as 60 % of patients 1 month after LASIK. Post-LASIK dry eye usually peaks in the first few months after surgery, and then symptoms begin to improve in the vast majority of patients at 6–12 months after surgery. Despite this, in some patients dry eye syndrome is retained for a longer period, significantly reducing the quality of life after LASIK. Diagnostics of dry eye syndrome still presents significant challenges for the practicing physician. The heterogeneity of the causes of dry eye syndrome and the absence of "gold standard" diagnostic dictates the need to develop principles of forecasting its occurrence and differentiated pathogenetically oriented prevention dry eye syndrome at LASIK. Identifying preoperative dry eyes, and treatment in the perioperative time period, can lead to enhanced patient satisfaction and more accurate visual outcomes.

Fomina M.V., Kirgizova S.B., Aznabaeva L.M., Mikhailova E.A.
NEW OPPORTUNITIES DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, FOR THE PREVENTION OF BACTERIA CARRIER ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Sanation / preventive measures of carrier state from the body — one of the problems of modern medicine. Search for fundamentally new approaches, which should include an environmentally sound and individualized methods needed to improve the rehabilitation / prevention of bacteria. The possibility of using biologically active substances (endogenous interferon inducers and antibiotics) used in therapy for the prevention of bacterial infections Staphylococcus aureus carriers on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract was investigated. Anticarnosine sign of staphylococci that in the differential diagnosis of transient resident of bacteria, was the most highly informative and the ability of bacteria to biofilm formation, is caused by infection and long-term persistence of the pathogen in the body used to work as a biological targets. It was found that the most significant reduction in anticarnosine feature of the original value recorded under the influence of substances of synthetic origin. The highest result of inhibiting drugs accounted for interferon inducers of class acridone — Neovir (71.2 ± 10.0 % ↓) and Cicloferon (74.6 ± 7.9% ↓). Chosen concentration and studied the action subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics ampicillin and ceftriaxone. It was revealed that in subbacteriostatic concentrations, they have the same in direction but at different severity of effect on the ability of bacteria to form a biofilm. Both drugs inhibit the ability of bacteria to form a biofilm, thus more effective was ceftriaxone (67.7 ± 3.5% ↓) compared with ampicillin (55.1 ± 3.9% ↓). The data on the nature of the impact of drugs on the persistent characteristics of staphylococci can be used for the selection of promising new drugs for preventive measures of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria carriers.

Aznabaev M.T., Akhtyamov K.N., Babushkin A.E., Garipova E.M.
TREATMENT METHOD OF CENTRAL DYSTROPHY ^{[№ 13 ' 2004]}

Aznabaev M.T., Orenburkina O.I., Avertsev G.N.
STUDYING OF HEMODYNAMICS CHANGES IN CENTRAL ARTERY OF RETINA AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION OF PANCREATIC DIABETES PATIENTS ^{[№ 13 ' 2004]}