Musafirov M.K., Kargapoltseva N.A.
HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONTEXT OF THE SOVIET EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION GENESIS OF ORENBURG REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY AS AN INSTITUTION OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION ^{[№ 4 ' 2021]}
Today, in the period of technological and socio-economic transformation, the issues of the development of the education system are among the highest priorities, since without them it is impossible to carry out a successful transformation and adaptation to the new reality of the fourth industrial revolution and the transition to a post-information society. For the successful implementation of innovations in the field of national education, it is necessary to take into account the existing experience of implementing systemic innovations in the field of national education. This, in turn, actualizes the historical and pedagogical study of Soviet extracurricular education as the most important institution for the upbringing of the younger generation and the development of human capital, including in the regional aspect.
The purpose of our research was a theoretical understanding and analysis of the process of development of the Soviet extracurricular education of Orenburg region in the second half of the XX century. Based on a comprehensive analysis of unpublished archival documents and scientific literature on the development of extracurricular education in the Soviet Union, its trends and key areas of development were identified. Fundamentally new in the results of our research is the characteristic of the genesis of the Soviet extracurricular education of Orenburg region in the second half of the XX century. The paper considers in detail the socio-economic transformations, the policy of the Soviet state authorities that influenced the genesis of the regional educational system under study.
The paper identified the existing trends in the development of extracurricular education in Orenburg region in the second half of the XX century, which include: the formation of the experience of regional Soviet extracurricular education, the development of human resources, the expansion of the network of extracurricular institutions.

Musafirov M.K., Kargapoltseva N.A.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE ORENBURG REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SINGLE-PROFILE OUT-OF-SCHOOL INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL FOCUS) ^{[№ 1 ' 2019]}
Currently, one of the priorities of the state educational policy is the support and development of children’s technical creativity. Attracting talented young people to the engineering and technical sphere of professional labor plays an important role in the country’s scientific and technological development, economic growth and the security of the state. The undoubted resource of creative initiation of gifted students to the world of technology is provided by the system of additional education, which organizes the extracurricular activities of schoolchildren. Associations of technical orientation of institutions of additional education of children are intended to become a launching pad for future engineers, inventors, designers, workers who own modern equipment. This determines the need for constant attention of scientists and practitioners to improve the forms and methods of pedagogical instrumentation of this process. Not only a creative analysis of the present, but also a critical synthesis of experience, productive knowledge of the educational past in the interests of the present and the future is very significant.
We have considered the features of the development of the system of additional education in Orenburg in the second half of the twentieth century in the substantive aspect of familiarizing children with technical creativity. The synchronic-diachronic method, within the framework of the comparative historical approach, allowed us to establish that during the study period, extra-school institutions of a technical orientation solve the following tasks: to attract children to the world of technology; preparation of applicants for technical educational institutions; military patriotic education of youth. Single-profile out-of-school institutions of technical orientation closely interacted with general education schools. In the regional education, the station of young technicians and centers of technical creativity played a vocational guidance role. The activity of the Orenburg Regional Station of Young Technicians consisted in the pedagogical and methodical organization of technical creativity of children and young people. In the second half of the twentieth century, a significant decline in this activity was overcome and the opening of new institutions was observed. Qualitative improvement of pedagogical work with children occurred due to the constant attention of the state to the field of additional education, improvement of forms and methods of working with children, and the continued preservation of personnel potential.
The situation of successfully overcoming the critical challenges of time allowed us to state the relevance of institutions of additional education in the regional system of out-of-school upbringing and education of children, as well as the need for its further progressive existence.