Kostikov S.V., Martishina N.V.
FACTORS IN THE EMERGENCE OF FOLK SCHOOLS FOR YOUTH IN 19TH­CENTURY DENMARK ^{[№ 4 ' 2025]}
Relevance of research is based on the presence of rapid changes in all aspects of our lives, and education is not an exception. The mentioned changes encourage us to seek for solutions which are appropriate to the challenges and requirements of modern life. The process is complex. On the one hand, it contains search and implementation of innovations which are unique. On the other hand, revision of the existing ideas and experience leads to undertaking attempts to adapt and integrate them into actual and forecastable life models. There is also a worldwide trend to create, develop and protect “national heritage” simultaneously interacting with other cultures in order to compare, match and mutually enrich existing educational models. These trends, providing absence of conflicts, are used as a basement for creating productive present and future. Furthermore, the importance of value­semantic polylogue performed in different (time, spatial and cultural) coordinate systems should not be avoided. This article is an example of the mentioned above. The aim is to identify and justify the prerequisites of creation and development of Folk High Schools which served as a prominent alternative to state educational system in the second half of XIX century and in the period prior to WWII. That time was similar to present in regard of tremendous changes of society. The FHS’s experiences and achievements were eagerly adopted in Scandinavian and other countries. Research result, presented in the article, facilitates and broadens understanding of alternative educational systems and influence of historical, social, economic and cultural phenomena and processes on school and education in general, adds to the history of pedagogical and educational science as well as to comparative pedagogy.