Shamrayev A.V., Chirkova E.N., Misetov I.A.
BIOTECHNICAL MEASURES TO MAINTAIN THE POPULATION DENSITY OF THE SIBERIAN ROE DEER (CAPREOLUS PYGARGUS) ON THE TERRITORY OF THE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 8 ' 2017]}
Biotechnical measures, or measures to protect and improve animal habitats Wednesday, planned and executed with the purpose of impact on population density and placement on the territory of the Orenburg region of individual species or groups of animals, as well as maintain or increase biodiversity of animals. In modern conditions of optimal density is animals, providing an environmentally and economically acceptable ratio between the different components of natural communities. Factors that characterize the capacity of land for a particular species, are their feed and protective properties, mutual spatial combination of these conditions, as well as the presence of competitors and enemies. Specific impact on the capacity of the land have climate and human activities. The optimal size is determined by: in terms of quality; as winter forage capacity; based on comparative (expert) evaluations. Way to establish the optimum number of quality in terms of the land can be recommended as the primary method of counting numbers. This method gives the most reliable indicators through comprehensive assessment factors Wednesday. Determination of optimum number this way includes the following stages: selecting the types of habitats and their inventory; environmental assessment types of habitats; bonitirovku territory; calculation of the optimum number of species.

Zavaleeva S.M., Vesnina V.V., Chirkova E.N.
THE CHANGE IN THE KIDNEY OF RABBIT BREEDS BELGIAN GIANT, IN THE AGE ASPECT (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS) ^{[№ 7 ' 2017]}
Currently, a young and promising industry remains rabbit. Interest in the morphology of different breeds of rabbits is associated with the need to explore their potential in the development of more profitable and promising directions in farming. Study the characteristic features of the topography and morphology of the kidneys of rabbits for periods of ontogeny is of particular interest to age anatomy and veterinary practices. Age morphology of the kidneys of rabbits to date, scientific data are insufficient. We studied the breed and age characteristics of the kidneys of rabbits, the Belgian giant. It was revealed that the kidneys of this breed is characterized by preferential growth of the left kidney in the first week from birth, then dominated by the increase the right. The kidneys are in the lumbar region, each convex outwards from the square muscle of the loin, being situated more or less freely in the retroperitoneal space. More freely and maybe a little moves left kidney that is obviously associated with different content related stomach. To the naked eye on the cut clearly visible layers of the kidney: the cortex — dark-brown, covered with small points — malpighiaceae calf. The inner layer of the brain light brown, striated light radial stripes collective tubules and very dark, narrow border. In the rabbit there is a sharp difference between the left and right kidney in the severity of the three zones: in the right kidney they are usually very sharply defined, in the left — weak. The outside of the buds dressed the fibrous sheath, fused to their surface and surrounded by fatty capsule consisting of a white fat. Considerable attention was paid to elucidating the age-related features of rabbit kidneys in connection with their growth and differentiation. In the age of the planet the state of the media, the variability of their forms is noted. The organ index indicates the dependence of the organ size on the age and mass of the animal.

Chirkova E.N., Zavaleeva S.M., Sadykova N.N., Chernoprudova P.V.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE LUNG AND HEART OF THE BRANDT’S BAD (MYOTIS BRANDTII) ^{[№ 6 ' 2017]}
Bats are fairly widespread, are an important and permanent component of many biocenoses. However, the hidden and specific way of life of bats, their morphological features, did not contribute to the full study of these animals on the territory of not only the Orenburg region, but all of Russia. Evolution of these animals proceeded along the path of adaptation to flight and development of the air habitat, which was accompanied by profound changes in their biological organization. In the second half of the XX century the inventory of the fauna of the bats of the Urals in general was completed. In the region, 12 species of bats were identified. At the present time, as a result of the use of modern technical means of detecting bats and more sophisticated devices for capturing in field research, a qualitatively high level of study of bats has been noted. It is known that animal organs can be modified depending on the lifestyle and overall load on the body, including the heart and lungs, the variability of which is not only of general biological interest, but has some significance in the disclosure of physiological processes, depending on environmental conditions.The bat’s lungs are proportional to the formation, which is caused by the need to stretch them in different directions and to varying degrees. A certain dependence on the type of breathing has the development of paired parts and depends on the locomotion of the animals. According to our data, the bat’s right lung is lobular, but it is not marked in the left lung. The right lung includes the apical, cardiac and diaphragmatic lobes and the most developed is the diaphragm, which is determined by the type of respiration of the animal. From the right lung, a small, unpaired, overactive fraction that probably is an indicator not only of the organization of the lungs, but also shows the ratio of the lungs to the heart with its large vessels, and to the diaphragm, separated from the heart by this lobe. The hard part from the inside of the anterior margin has a special bronchus. Education in the lobes of shares according to their number, shape and position is not accidental, but it is natural and inherent only in mammals.

Chirkova V.S., Sobgayda N.A., Alferov I.N., Rzazade F.O.
SEWAGE TREATMENT GALVANIZING PLANT (ON THE EXAMPLE LLC EPO "SIGNAL" ENGELS) ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
This paper studied the major environmental problems of mechanical engineering in Russia, the main ones being the wastewater etching and electroplating facilities. The analysis of the wastewater treatment system galvanizing plant engineering plants LLC EPO "Signal" (Engels, Saratov region). The main source of pollution of the environment in this production is the electroplating, which according to the FZ-116 on June 21, 1997 attributed to the hazardous production facilities. After chromium plating process produces waste water for cleaning the reagent used in the enterprise process (neutralization), whose efficiency reaches 60 %. The analysis of wastewater Ltd. EPO "Signal" after neutralization indicated that the content of heavy metal cations and oil discharge ratios than in urban sewer systems and requires additional purification. The article proposes to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment scheme Ltd. EPO "Signal", by using a reverse osmosis membrane and ozonation. Enhanced cleaning allow reduction of pollution to 95–98 %. Calculate the concentration of heavy metal cations in the effluent LLC EPO "SIGNAL" after a three-stage purification significantly lower limit values, which will provide closed water and use purified water for washing parts, as well as to eliminate the penalties to the company.

Chirkova E.N., Zavaleeva S.M.
MAKRO-MICROMORFOLOGY HEART OF ORDINARY MOLE (TALPA EUROPAEA) ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
These days information about the morphological modifications of the cardiovascular system is not enough in the scientific literature, including the heart animals characterizing the main types of adaptation — land, water, wood and flying. Despite the fact that these days the basic provisions of the laws governing the macro and microstructures of various representatives of the animals sets out on the range of compensatory-adaptive possibilities authority structures in ontogenesis, remain controversial and unresolved a number of questions. In connection with this problem have been delivered: 1) to determine the topography, the size and shape of the heart of a representative group of underground-burrowing mammals (ordinary mole); 2) to establish the structural characteristics of the myocardium of the atrial appendages and ventricular walls; 3) to investigate the organization and conducting of contractile cardiomyocytes on the sub-cellular level. The methods of preparation, light and electron microscopy studied the heart of an ordinary mole, as a representative of an environmental group subterranean mammals. Mitochondria fill substantially the interstices between the myofibrils, but there are, and for the sarcolemma. Near the core of their relatively small. The shape of mitochondria is no different variety. Mostly they are round or oval. Location cristae and arcuate cross. Rare mitochondria with granular inclusions in the matrix. The sarcoplasm cardiomyocytes atria and ventricles are presented and other ultrastructure: agranular sarcoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, polyribosomes, lysosomes, and liposomes. Atypical cardiomyocytes differ in character from the contractile myofibrils arrangement, in which the latter are oriented not only in parallel to the plasma membrane of cells, but randomly. Found sarcoplasmic reticulum structure which form a system of membrane tubes are not connected with the plasma membrane. Some new features of ascertaining relative histofisiological workers (typical) and conductive atypical cardiomyocytes that let you do the conclusion that the heart of an ordinary mole characterizes adaptive changes in body underground digging type adaptations.

Ogorodnikov P.I., Chirkova V.Yu., Guseva E.P., Bazarov M.K., Kryuchkova I.V.
EFFECTIVE INNOVATIVE POLICY — THE BASIS OF MODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY OF THE REGION AND THE COUNTRY ^{[№ 8 ' 2014]}
In article justification of need of creation of scientific and methodological tools for an objective assessment of a maturity of the region (enterprise) to investments is given. Having techniques are analyzed and the model developed by authors based on optimizing criteria which allows through an assessment of level of technical potential in size of a fondovooruzhennost is briefly described to estimate studied territorial object and to receive the maximum fund of accumulation.

Chirkova E.N., Zavaleeva S.M.
MORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF LIGHT DOMESTIK RABBIT (ORUCTOLAGUS) ^{[№ 6 ' 2014]}
Consider the impact of anthropogenic factors on the functional state of the organism of the animals and their reproduction. Questions of morphology of respiratory organs, especially the respiratory Department, to date, remain unexplored. This work is devoted to clarify the structure of the lungs rabbit (Oructolagus). Methods of preparation and morphometrics studied the structure of the lungs and defined their belonging to a certain comparative anatomical type. The study established the equity structure of the lungs rabbit home, determined their topography, shape, size, weight, coefficient of asymmetry in the mass.

Zavaleeva S. M., Chirkova E.N.
MORPHOLOGY OF HEART OF THE ORDINARY POLAR FOX ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
Article is devoted to morphological features of heart of a polar fox ordinary. Authors accurately formulated the purposes and research problems. In work are submitted data on heart topography, its form, the sizes, structural features sokratitelny and carrying out kardiomiotsitakh in various departments (auricles, ventricles), distribution glycoprotein.

Chirkova E.N., Zavaleeva S.M.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF LUNGS EUROPEAN HARE LESSER (LEPUS EUROPAEUS) AS REPRESENTATIVE OF GROUND ECOLOGICAL GROUPS ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
Variability in light of vertebrates is general biological interest, but the study of the respiratory system in mammals is based on studies of laboratory and domestic animals. This work is devoted to clarify the features of the internal structure of the european hare (Lepus europaeus). The morphology of the methods of preparation and morphometry. The obtained data on the morphological modifications of the lung, characterized by it ground ecological group.

Zavaleeva S.M., Sadykova N.N., Chirkova E.N.
RABBIT'S SPLEEN HISTOLOGY IN AGE ASPECT ^{[№ 6 ' 2013]}
This article deals with the problem of histological changes of rabbit's spleen in postnatal ontogeny (from birth till four years). The author defines the diameter extension of lymphatic nodules from birth till one year, the reduction of this characteristic at the age of four and the augmentation of capsule organ and trabeculae thickness by one year.

Ogorodnikov P.I., Bazarov M.K., Matveeva O.B., Chirkova V.Yu.
OPTIMIZATION AS THE LEADING IDEA OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTIFICATION OF THE INNOVATION POLICY OF THE ENTERPRISE ^{[№ 13 ' 2012]}
Realization of the government of the Russian Federation the program of modernization of the economy of the country is not possible without the active innovation policy. The proposed theoretical-methodological tools allows you to address to make investments without the risk of their non-return and determine the optimal structure of manufactured products. Upon completion of the research investigations this methodology will be presented in the form of a software product for enterprise managers to manage them effectively.

Chirkova E.N., Zavaleeva S.M., Efremov A.Y.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF LUNGS LESSER NOCTULE (NYCTALUS LEISLERI) AS REPRESENTATIVE OF FLYING ECOLOGICAL GROUP ^{[№ 6 ' 2012]}
It is known that variability of easy vertebrate animals represents biological interest, but studying of respiratory system of mammals is based on researches laboratory and pets. This work is devoted to studying of features of an internal structure of lungs of a bat. The morphology of lungs is studied by preparation and morphometry methods. The data received by us on morphological updating of lungs, characterize its belonging to flying ecological group.

Zavaleeva S.M., Sadykova N.N., Chirkova E.N.
CHANGES OF RABBIT'S SPLEEN OF IN AGE ASPECT ^{[№ 12 ' 2011]}
The artide is devoted to the analysis of the problem of rabbit's spleen morthology changes in postnatal ontogenesis (from a neonatal stage till five years). The author contains the explanation of body measunement indicators increasing and marks variability of its form in age aspect. The artide paus special attention to the point that the body index shows its prevailing form is extended and highest and highest growth is observed in physiological maturing.

Chirkova N.Yu., Suleimanova V.N.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTRODUCTION TO THE CULTURE AND THE PROSPECTS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE SPECIES OF WILD BERRIES OF THE KIROV REGION ^{[№ 5 ' 2010]}
We made the assessment of the introduction to the culture and the prospects for the cultivation of economically valuable species of wild berries of the Kirov region. We studied the intraspecific variation and structure of natural populations Oxycoccus palustris, and also morphological, biological indicators to identify the most productive forms of Oxycoccus palustris.

Chirkova N.Yu., Egoshina T.L.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF COENOPOPULATIONS VACCINIUM VITIS – IDAEА L. IN CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN TAIGA FORESTS IN KIROV REGION ^{[№ 12 ' 2007]}
Demographic characteristics of Vaccinium vitis – idaeа L. in conditions of Southern taiga forests in Kirov region are studied in this article. Age structure of coenopopulations in different ecological- phytocoenotic conditions is determined here, also series of population parameters (density, index of relexivity, index of restoration, index of aging), allowing appreciating condition and structure of populations is researched in this work.