February 2019, № 1 (219), pages 21-26

doi: 10.25198/1814-6457-219-21

Muhamedzhanova N.M. EDUCATION IN THE MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETYModern Russian education is experiencing another round of reform in accordance with global development trends. However, how much does the new education model meet the demands of Russia as a unique civilized formation? The answer to this question is directly related to the aspects for the development of not only education, but also the whole of Russian society.
The basic feature of the Russian “frontier” civilization is the dominance of the diversity principle over the unity principle, due to the multi-ethnic and multi-religious nature of Russia. Therefore, the main task of state power at all stages of development of Russia was the task of strengthening the spiritual unity of the peoples of the empire, which was carried out by various methods, including through education.
The education reform of the period of Alexander , which presupposed the translation of the Bible into the native languages of the peoples of the empire, as well as the system of “foreign” education of N.I. Ilminsky, implemented in the 60–70s of the 19^th century among the peoples of the East of Russia, was subordinated to this goal. However, these attempts at spiritual integration of a confessionally diverse Russian society based on the Orthodox faith had a powerful unplanned effect — the intensification of the country’s ethnic and cultural dynamics.
In the Soviet period, when the state embarked on the formation of a single historical community “Soviet people”, education became a means of cultural unification of the peoples of the country, which would be later one of the reasons for strengthening separatist sentiments in the national republics and the destruction of the integrity of the once united state.
Now, the education system in Russia actively introduces various innovations, not trying to find out their importance for the development of society and compliance with the cultural specifics of the country. As a result, the basic characteristics of the new education model are in conflict with the civilizational characteristics of the “frontier” civilization. In my opinion, such uncritical borrowing of educational models created in mono-ethnic Western societies is becoming a factor in the decline of the country's ethnic and cultural security.Key words: “frontier” civilization, the multi-ethnic and multi-religious nature, the spiritual unity, education, cultural unification, ethnic and cultural security.

Download

References:

1. Aleshina S.A. Training and professional development of teachers for “foreign schools” in the Orenburg province. Tsivilizatsionnoye razvitiye Orenburgskogo kraya: sbornik statey nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 300-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya ustroitelya Orenburgskogo kraya, pervogo chlena-korrespondenta RAN Petra Ivanovicha Rychkova [Civilizational development of the Orenburg region: collection of articles of a scientific conference dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the birth of the organizer of the Orenburg Region, the first corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Peter Ivanovich Rychkov]. Orenburg, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, 2012, pp. 427-435.

2. Berdyaev N.A. Sud’ba Rossii: sochineniya [The fate of Russia: writings]. Moscow, EKSMO-press Publ.; Kharkov, Folio Publ., 1998. 736 p.

3. Durkheim E. Sotsiologiya obrazovaniya [Sociology of education]. Moscow, INTOR Publ., 1996. 80 p.

4. Grachev S.V. N.I. Il’minsky and education of non-Russian peoples. Pedagogika [Pedagogy], 1995, no. 4, pp. 79-82.

5. Trofimchuk N.A. Istoriya religiy v Rossii [The history of religions in Russia]. Moscow, RAGS Publ., 2002, 592 p.

6. Kamitova A.V. N.I. Ilminsky activities in the field of translation of Orthodox literature into the native languages of the Volga and Ural regions. Sibirskiy filologicheskiy vestnik [Siberian philological periodical], 2018, no. 1, pp. 261–270.

7. Kolcherin A. N.I. Il’minskiy (1822-1891) pedagogicheskaya deyatel’nost’ i missionerskoye sluzheniye v Povolzh’ye [N.I. Ilminsky (1822-1891) — pedagogical activity and missionary service in the Volga region]. Available at: http://pstgu.ru/download/1383135474.7Kolcherin.pdf (Accessed 2 March 2019)

8. Kondrateva I.G., Madakina N.I., Sigal N.G., Valeev A.A. The development of the student as person of culture in the context of multicultural education in non-language high school by means of a foreign language. IEJME: mathematics education, 2016, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 57-69.

9. Mukhamedzhanova N.M. On the concept of the Orenburg national-regional component of the state standard of general education: a cultural approach. Chelovek i obrazovaniye [Man and education], 2001, no. 5, pp. 19-37.

10. Mukhamedzhanova N.M. Osobennosti samoorganizatsii etnicheskikh kul’tur Rossii v usloviyakh modernizatsionnykh preobrazovaniy [Features of self-organization of ethnic cultures of Russia in the context of modernization transformations]. Orenburg, IPK GOU OGU Publ., 2006. 229 p.

11. Egorova N.V. Ocherki istorii kul'tury dorevolyutsionnoy Chuvashii [Essays on the history of culture of pre-revolutionary Chuvashia]. Cheboksary, Chuvashskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo Publ., 1985, 303 p.

12. Pavlova A.N. N.I. Ilminsky system and its implementation in school education of non-Russian peoples of the East of Russia. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Cheboksary, Chuvash State University, 2002, 28 p.

13. Perepelkin L.S., Stel’makh V.G. Ethnocultural security of Russia: social challenges and state policy. Obshchestvennyye nauki i sovremennost’ [Social sciences and modernity], 2003, no. 3, pp. 107-121.

14. Shemyakin Y.G. Distinctive features of “frontier” civilizations (Latin America and Russia in comparative historical coverage). Obshchestvennyye nauki i sovremennost’ [Social sciences and modernity], 2000, no. 3, pp. 96-114.

15. Vyshlenkova E.A. Zabotyas’ o dushakh poddannykh: religioznaya politika v Rossii pervoy chetverti 19 veka [Caring for the souls of subjects: religious policy in Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century]. Saratov, Saratov University Publ., 2002. 444 p.

16. Zemskov V.B. Latin America and Russia (The problem of cultural synthesis in the frontier civilizations). Obshchestvennyye nauki i sovremennost’ [Social sciences and modernity], 2000, no. 5, pp. 96-103 (in Russian).

About this article

Author: Muhamedzhanova N.M.

Year: 2019

doi: 10.25198/1814-6457-219-21

Editor-in-chief

Sergey Aleksandrovich
MIROSHNIKOV

© Электронное периодическое издание: ВЕСТНИК ОГУ on-line (VESTNIK OSU on-line), ISSN on-line 1814-6465
Зарегистрировано в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций
Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ: Эл № ФС77-37678 от 29 сентября 2009 г.
Учредитель: Оренбургский государственный университет (ОГУ)
Главный редактор: С.А. Мирошников
Адрес редакции: 460018, г. Оренбург, проспект Победы, д. 13, к. 2335
Тел./факс: (3532)37-27-78 E-mail: vestnik@mail.osu.ru