Nesterenko M.Y., Tsvyak A.V.
GEODYNAMIC STUDIES HYDROCARBON DEPOSITS SOUTHERN URALS ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Considered man-made effects on the earth's crust areas of oil and gas in the Southern Urals region, leading to a decrease in reservoir pressure and changes in the level of reservoir water. The correlation between the decrease in pressure in the water system with geodynamic and seismic activity subsoil. It was found that the water filling the tectonic faults in the geological environment, accelerate the transfer of power generated pressure gradient in the reservoirs beyond the producing fields. The analysis and comparison of the centers of seismic events with the geological and tectonic structure, natural and technogenic disturbed gidrogeodinamikoy. In the developed deposits of hydrocarbons decrease in pressure in the "hydrocarbon — produced water" violates existing natural geodynamic equilibrium containing geological structures, which becomes the cause of their movements and seismic events In addition, the exploitation of hydrocarbon deposits, due to the decrease in reservoir pressure significantly pressure changes in the groundwater, the direction and velocity of movement as well as the permeability and other properties of capacitive and surrounding geological environment. In the developed deposits of hydrocarbons in the South Urals is fixed at an average of 20–30 years of seismic events with magnitude ML = 1–2 or more, which is ten times more common than outside. At the same time, technological geodynamic processes in the upper crust in the areas of development of hydrocarbon deposits occur relatively quickly (compared to natural geodynamic processes), and tend to have long-term consequences. To control the negative developments on the ground action geodynamic processes can be applied geodetic observations on the reference points of profile lines of leveling, however, given the significant land area developed deposits of hydrocarbons, the use of this method of monitoring the development of geomechanical, geodynamic and, under certain conditions, permafrost processes is not always appropriate (high cost work, a significant duration of time, etc.). Seismological monitoring allows to register geodynamic processes in the rock mass with an estimate of their depth continuously. The methodology of construction of geodynamic polygons on the basis of seismic observations. According to the analysis made on a number of hydrocarbon deposits of the Southern Urals observations in accordance with the proposed method of geodynamic monitoring organization, it was established a manifold increase in seismic activity in the areas of subsoil hydrocarbon producing fields. The maximum activity of the geological environment was a space dedicated to the hydrodynamic funnels, concentrating in the areas of greatest fall reservoir pressure and tectonic faults.

Tsvyak A.V.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT UNAPPROVED INSERTS IN THE PIPELINE AND METHODS OF COMBATING THEM ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
One of the most pressing and difficult problems is the problem of manual product lines of detection of unapproved inserts and prevent theft of oil from pipelines. The consequences of frames are environmental pollution, economic losses and an increase in terms of delivery of hydrocarbons to consumers. In recent years, one of the main causes of accidents and large-scale environmental pollution leaking oil and petroleum products are unauthorized tapping and sabotage. For this reason, the safety of people is suffering, violated environmental conditions, reduced security of supply of hydrocarbons through pipelines. According to the frequency (rate) of accidents on the highway average intensity of the main pipelines for oil and gas accidents in the last 5 years is for every 1,000 km route — 0.27 accidents per year. The largest share of accidents (69 %) is due to external influences on the pipeline as a result of unauthorized taps, sabotage. At the present time to detect taps and leaks developed a large number of methods based on different physical laws and phenomena. However, existing methods of leak detection and unauthorized taps does not fully satisfy all the requirements imposed on them. Using existing methods of monitoring leaks difficult to detect unauthorized tapping of — their short duration and small volume of leakage does not provide the requirement of efficiency. Therefore, it proposed a system of detection of unapproved inserts in the product pipeline, based on the measurement and analysis of the impact arising from the metal tube wave disturbances using seismological equipment. Services provided by the definition of the fundamental possibility of detecting external influence on the pipeline using seismological equipment showed that the gathers are the following types of signal: background noise disturbance from passing oil transport strike effects on the pipeline, drilling.