Sviatokha N.Y., Filimonova I.Y.
RATIONAL RECREATIONAL NATURAL USE IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY WATER BASINS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE URAL RIVER) ^{[№ 8 ' 2017]}
Recently, domestic and foreign science widely coves various problems of transboundary water basins. At the same time, most of the work is devoted to the negative impact on water objects: deterioration of water quality, growing and uncontrolled water consumption. However, in the Russian science very few works are devoted to sustainable recreational use of transboundary water basin, in particular rivers. A number of foreign countries are implementing successful experience of mutually beneficial use of recreational resources of transboundary rivers. The importance of the implementation and promotion of tourist routes within the boundaries of transboundary water bodies is emphasized by the World Tourism Organization. Such experience in Russia is not yet developed enough. The third largest river in Europe, the Urals, flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan, is promising for the development of regulated tourism on the basis of the planned unified network of transboundary protected areas in the future, where it is advisable to carry out joint research and establish international ecological children’s camps. Of the possible transboundary specially protected natural areas of the Orenburg-Kazakhstan borderland, a steppe reserve can be identified on the basis of the Talovskaya steppe of the Orenburg state natural reserve and the Gryzly natural boundary, the Ural Urema biosphere nature park, the Utva-Ilek Cretaceous Massif, the Uralo-Guberlinsky Nature Park and landscape reserve “Ebita”. In the opinion of the authors, in the future, when concluding intergovernmental agreements, it is important to take into account not only aspects of minimizing the negative impact on the ecosystem of transboundary rivers, but also to provide for issues of joint recreational nature management.

Sviatokha N.Y., Filimonova I.Y., Grudinin D.A., Yakovlev I.G.
ECOTOURISM AS A FORM OF RECREATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT (IN CASE OF ORENBURG REGION) ^{[№ 8 ' 2016]}
One of the forms of sustainable use of natural resources is eco-tourism contributing to environmental protection. Therefore, tourism can make a significant contribution to the preservation of nature. With proper management and planning of recreation areas, ecotourism can be an effective tool for environmental protection. The greatest development this kind of tourism has received abroad. In Russia it is presented, usually in the form of private trips to places of ecotourism. In order to talk about ecotourism as a mechanism for the preservation and protection of nature, he certainly must have an organized form. Orenburg oblast has significant resources for development of ecological tourism. In the study conducted by the recreational zoning of Orenburg region. Most promising for the development of ecological tourism in the region are the southern and Eastern areas with the natural conditions and resources, conducive to the development of this region, with a relatively low level of economic development of the territory. These zones are distinguished by the presence of a large number of attractive objects, and specially protected natural areas, natural monuments, preserved steppe areas, which can be used in ecotourism. One of the ways of preserving nature can be the development of tourism and recreation. Contrary to popular belief, organized tourism does not harm nature, protecting it. Taking into account the competitive advantages of the region, the authors came to the conclusion that in the Orenburg region promising to consider ecological tourism as a means of protection. Of course, the problems of preserving and protecting the environment can only be resolved when rational recreational nature. Thus, the term eco-tourism in the Orenburg region in conducting competent policy in the field of tourism can be an effective mechanism for the conservation of nature.

Lyubichankovsky A.V., Sviatokha N.Y., Filimonova I.Y.
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A SOCIAL AND ECOLOGICAL REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST-RECREATIONAL SPACE OF ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
To date, the use of historical and cultural heritage as a social and environmental regulator of the development of the territory is realized by humanity and is actively studied in the multidisciplinary aspect. Nevertheless, the problems of preservation and use of historical and cultural heritage on the one hand, and the tourist-recreational development of the territory on the other hand, are solved independently. The creation of effective tourist network programmed in a way that provide rational and complex use of the entire network allows to overcome this deficiency. Historical and geographical approach is considered by the authors as the most effective in the study of the transformation of the space of the cultural heritage. Analysis of the structural and spatial-temporal differentiation of all identified cultural heritage of the Orenburg region has allowed to the authors to identify four stages of development of cultural and geographical space of the cultural heritage of the region. Analysis of the diversification of the space of the cultural heritage of the Orenburg region within the Russian state shows the geographic pattern of the hybrid, mosaic-mesh territorial structure with elements of linear-nodal structure of objects of cultural heritage. In the Orenburg region there is a need of rational and complex use of space of the cultural heritage as a support mechanism for the development of tourist and recreation areas in the region.

Sviatokha N.Y., Filimonova I.Y.
DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS OF THE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Over the last thirty years, eco-tourism received a wide circulation in many countries, particularly in Russia. National parks, nature reserves and other protected areas of different scales represent a promising market for ecotourism because of their natural and cultural specificity. However, despite the growing popularity of ecotourism in Russia, income from visits of protected areas in Russia is about 40 times lower than in Kenya, 300 times lower than in Australia and 1 000 times lower than in the US. The study and analysis of the network of protected areas of Russia in order to identify opportunities for their use of eco-tourism today is an urgent task. More than 13,000 protected areas of different levels were created in Russia, 367 of them are in the Orenburg region. The variety and uniqueness of the natural landscapes of the Orenburg region, the presence of a wide network of protected areas offer great opportunities for the development of ecological tourism. The authors propose to develop ecotourism in protected areas of various levels (federal, regional, local) and specialization (botanical, hydrological, geological and other profiles). Insufficient number of developed ecological routes in the region are noted in the article and also recommendations for further development of eco-tourism in these area are given. The authors summarize: the development on protected areas in the Orenburg region of eco-tourism will contribute to the formation of ecological culture and thinking, and will be an effective means of protecting nature.

Filimonova I.U., Chibileva V.P., Sviatokha N.U.
KOUMISS TREATMENT AS A PROMISING DIRECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL USE OF NATURE IN THE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 7 ' 2015]}
Recreational nature managementin this article is considered as a part of sustainable territory development system. Recently great attention is paid to problems of sustainable territory development.According to the authors kumiss therapy,which is the traditional form of treatment of the Orenburg region, must be considered as a promising direction of development of recreational nature management in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. The article analyzes the history of the development koumiss treatmentbased on medical institutions of Russia and the USSR. It is noted that with the collapse of the Soviet Union ceased to exist organized in the early XX century network of health centers, practicing kumiss therapy. Also schematic mapswere made,they show the accommodationof koumiss treatment institutions in the Soviet period and at the present stage. The article also noted reduction of a livestock of horses in Russia from 1991 to 2009. The authors have shown increased production of koumiss in Russia from 2010 to 2013, for a several years a leader in this indicator is Volga Federal District. The article also provides an overview of three existing koumiss treatment institutions of Orenburg region — summer camp "Dzhanetovka" and sanatoriums "Red glade" and "Steppe lighthouse". To regardcompetitive advantages of the region (steppe climate, unique opportunities landscape therapy, horse breeding as a traditional form of management and others)andalso a high incidence of tuberculosis, authors concluded, that it isadvisable to revive the traditions of koumiss treatment and to modernizethe networkof koumiss treatmentinstitutions in the Orenburg region. The most promising areas for development of koumiss treatment included: Kuvandykskskii, Saraktashskii, Belyaevskii, Pervomaiskii, Sol-Iletsky, Akbulaksky regions.

Svyatokha N.Yu., Filimonova I.Yu.
SPORTS TOURISM IN ORENBURG REGION: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS ^{[№ 6 ' 2015]}
To date, the development of sports tourism in Russia and in the Orenburg region in particular, is associated with a number of problems. To date, the development of sports tourism in Russia and in the Orenburg region in particular, is associated with a number of problems. Firstly, despite the presence of favorable recreational resources, population dynamics involved in sports tourism tends to decrease. According to official statistics, in 2012 the Orenburg region ranks 12th in Russia by the number of persons engaged in sports tourism. Secondly, the number of firms engaged in organizing sports tours, is much inferior to the number of firms that specialize in the more popular forms of leisure (beach, cultural sightseeing, adventure tourism). Thirdly, there is practically no base of statistical information in order to assess the level of development of this type of tourism, and has not developed a unified approach to the terminology that characterizes this area. Orenburg region has a great potential for the organization of many types of sports tourism. Water sports tourism can be developed on major rivers (Ural, Sakmara) and on the reservoir areas (Iriklinskoe, Chernovskoye). Snowkiting, the winter's kind of sports tourism, can be further developed everywhere in region, but now — near the training centers, ski tourism is developed in the eastern part of Orenburg region. Speleotourism in the region is underdeveloped, although resources for its development are in Belyayevsky and Kuvandyksky districts. Great prospects for the development has a horse tourism (mainly in Orenburg, Novosergievsky and Kuvandyksky districts). The region's territory is also promising for jeeping and driving. Great resources region (especially the eastern part) has for the development of sport hunting and fishing tourism. To assess the prospects for the development of sports tourism authors analyzed the popularity of physical activities among the people in the districts of the Orenburg region, the most active people live in Saraktashsky, Gaysky, Novoorsky, Krasnogvardeisky, Novosergievsky and Ileksky districts. The authors conclude that for the development of sports tourism in the region are necessary, first of all, the revival of tourism clubs, development of special programs by authorities, and to promote this type of tourism and a healthy lifestyle.

Sviatokha N.U., Filimonova I.U.
ETHNIC TOURISM: ESSENCE, APPROACHES TO CLASSIFICATION, WORLD EXPERIENCE ^{[№ 6 ' 2014]}
The article presents different points of view of Russian and foreign scientists on the essence and structure of ethnic tourism. Author's version of the classification of ethnic tourism is presented, its main kinds are dedicated. Global centers of ethnotours are noted in this article.

Sviatokha N.Yu.
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION OF THE REGION HOUSING SPHERE: THE CLUSTER APPROACH ^{[№ 8 ' 2013]}
The article explains the concept of "housing sphere" as an object of socio-geographic study. The cluster approach to the study of spatial and temporal organization of the housing sphere of the region is used in this article. The component structure of housing cluster and functional connection between its participants are analyzed.