Mironycheva-Tokareva N.P., Kosykh N.P., Vishnyakova E.K., Koronatova N.G., Stepanova V.A., Saib E.A., Pokrovskij O.S.
VEGETATION AND PLANT MATTER OF RAISED BOGS IN FOREST-STEPPE ZONE IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA ^{[№ 3 ' 2017]}
The forest-steppe zone within the Novosibirsk region of Western Siberia was surveyed. The following typical mire ecosystems in close contact with each other are functioning: oligotrophic pine-dwarf shrub-Sphagnum raised bogs (ryams), reed floodplains and mesotrophic fens around secondary lakes in ryams. Calculation of the productive parameters of the pine stand was calculated using young model trees. Photosynthesizing mass of pine trees was 120 g/m², above-ground lignified organs — 344 g/m² with trunks contributed of 66 %, and the trunk stock under the moss cover was 64 g/m². The stock of dead branches was 19 g/m². The total stock of above-ground mass of trees was estimated as 464 g/m², with contribution of pine trees in the total aboveground phytomass of 36 % in ryams. Pine primary production was calculated as the sum of the current year needles and shoots and reached 47 g/m² a year, ie 14 % of the total aboveground production in the ryam. In all types of mire ecosystems the phytomass, mortmass and net primary production were evaluated. Stocks of aboveground biomass varied from 300 to 2,200 g/m², below-ground phytomass — from 1,200 to 4,200 g/m². Net primary production varied from 500 to 3,000 g/m² a year, minimal production is produced in oligotrophic ryams, and maximal production is produced in mesotrophic and eutrophic mires. Phytomass stocks and production were estimated for dwarf-shrub, grass and moss layers. Value of standing crop is similar in the studied ecosystems and estimated as 4,133 g/m² in fens, 4,032 g/m² in floodplains, and 3,681 g/m² in the ryam.

Debelo P.V., Stepanov A.S., Stepanova I.A., Romanova A.S.
SPECIES COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF WATERFOWL ZHETYKOLSKOGO SHALKAR-LAKE REGION OF EAST ORENBURG (KEY ORNITHOLOGICAL TERRITORY OF RU-217, OB-002) ^{[№ 11 ' 2016]}
Wetlands in the region has long been known as a place for mass nesting and stopover for more than 50 species of waterfowl. In recent years, interest in the region has increased due to the worsening problems of the protection of the global flight routes and conservation of endangered species, because due to the increasing aridity of the territory of its waters gained value peculiar critical habitats and nodal points on the paths of migratory flows waterfowl extensive the Middle Region of Northern Eurasia. The paper summarizes the literature, departmental and personal material on the dynamics of species composition, the nature of the host, distribution and abundance of waterfowl in the region in recent decades, which can be used in the development of a set of measures aimed at optimizing the use of bio-resources of the region and the preservation of its biodiversity.

Debelo P.V., Stepanov A.S., Stepanova I.A., Romanova A.S.
SOME ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE OF WATERFOWL EAST ORENBURG (KEY ORNITHOLOGICAL TERRITORY OF RU-217, OB-002) ^{[№ 10 ' 2016]}
Reservoirs East Orenburg are nesting and staging numerous waterfowl on an important migration route for the transcontinental Northern Eurasia. It found 56 species stay of 6 units, of which 3 (5.3 %) are considered as vagrants, 15 (26.8 %) occurred during seasonal migrations, for 36 (64.3 %) species are known meeting in breeding season nature and stay two (3.6 %) is not set. The article summarizes the literature, departmental and personal materials to change the species composition, the nature of the host, distribution and abundance of waterfowl in the region over the past two decades. This information can be the basis for developing a set of measures aimed at optimizing the use of bio-resources area and the preservation of its biodiversity.

Pankratovich T.M., Mikheeva T.M., Pankratovich Y.G., Stepanov V.M.
PRACTICE-ORIENTED ASPECTS OF ENDURANCE AMONG STUDENTS AT PHYSICAL CULTURE LESSONS DIFFERENT SPECIES ORIENTATION ^{[№ 7 ' 2016]}
In any activity there are specific requirements to abilities of the person a long time to perform the work without compromising its efficiency, resist fatigue, effectively to recover after work. This ability is identified as one of the leading physical qualities — endurance. A sufficient level of development of endurance allows each person to better cope with any prolonged work (whether work training, mental or physical). That is why in all curricula in physical education on all educational levels education endurance is very important, provides a basic level of development. Educational practice in higher education has shown that most students experience some difficulties in the implementation of the control requirements for assessing the level of development of endurance. This determined the search areas of the ways to improve indicators of endurance among students at physical culture lessons. In our study, we considered the practice-oriented aspects of endurance, substantiate and verify the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions aimed at improving General endurance of the students at the lessons of physical culture of different species orientation.

Pankratiev P.V., Vlackaya I.V., Petrishchev V.P., Stepanov A.S., Baranov D.A.
DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE OF INFORMATION CARTOGRAPHIC DATA PORTAL OF ORENBURG REGION ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ^{[№ 5 ' 2016]}
Nowadays, when Internet communication increases the impact on all spheres of human life and society, the problem of providing the user with accurate and timely information on the state of natural objects and processing of Web-content is in the public domain, is extremely significant. The main objective of the development of the portal was the expansion of the information space of the Orenburg region in the field of ecology and the environment for scientific, educational and administrative purposes. Using the portal will significantly improve the quality of employment in educational institutions, institutions of higher and secondary education. Regional environmental portal can be viewed from one side, as a distance learning, and, on the other hand, as a means of interactive training elements study. Actualization of the portal new data research creates the possibility of the publication of scientific achievements and discoveries. Of particular importance is the information component of the portal to increase the efficiency management decision-making by public authorities in the field of environmental protection. In the operation of the portal is expected to saturate the thematic sections copyright specialized data posted on the cartographic basis. A database management system allows users to update the information portal, build queries, prepare local databases. Further development of the portal supposes the possibility of joining the development of photographic materials for specific projects, the development of Environmental Forum, the formation of the environmental pages of schools, publication of scientific papers students.

Baranov D.A., Vlatka V.I., Pankratiev P.V., Petrishchev V.P., Stepanov A.S.
SOFTWARE PLATFORM BUILDING INTERACTIVE MAPPING SERVICES ^{[№ 4 ' 2016]}
Mapping services are becoming an integral part of modern life. They are used in various spheres of life che rights. Non-commercial mapping services for the quality of work requires the involvement of qualified programmers to modify the software code. The cost of commercial mapping services, operating with large volumes of data does not allow them to be used in most non-commercial projects. In the course of the project to create the portal of ecological safety of the Orenburg region has developed a universal software platform for building map services, can significantly reduce the complexity of the process of their development. From existing solutions platform favorably the use of free and open software at its core. In developing the platform used Xia framework Django language Python (version 1.8). Applications built according to the design pattern, "Model-view-controller" (Model View Controller, MVC). The main part used is given map-tion is stored in a PostgreSQL database with the extension PostGIS. The result of the submission of a HTML-page, but this may be the data in a different format — PNG, JSON, XML, etc. Portal development environ-tion safety Orenburg region was selected GIS Geoserver. Requests for data visualization to Geoserver through the protocol Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Map Service (WMS) for vector and raster data, respectively. The first project, implemented on a platform of information mapping portal has become the environmental safety of the Orenburg region, that combines data on the ecological state of natural complexes, owls and man-made objects of the Orenburg region. Continued use of a universal software platform allows you to create high-quality car-tograficheskie services do not require a significant investment in software.

Tarasova T.F., Petrishchev V.P., Stepanov A.S., Davigora A.V., Kean N.O., Grivko E.V.
MATERIALS FOR THE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF REGIONAL NATURE RESERVES IN THE TERRITORY GUBERLIN MOUNTAINS ^{[№ 3 ' 2016]}
For the territory of Russia is characterized by intense, in some regions the acute ecological situation. Orenburg region refers to the industrial development of regions of Russia. The geographical position of the region and climate have a significant impact on the environment of the region and its biodiversity. Guberlinskoy mountains and Karagai-Guberlinskoy Gorge are natural objects of the Orenburg region, stand out in terms of landscape and biological diversity. They are distinguished by high saturation of unique geological objects, such as mica schist — the oldest in the region geological formation, limestone reefs, dikes volcanic rocks, intrusive massifs. Within Guberlin mountains noted 7 species of plants and 9 species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Orenburg region and the Russian Federation. Karagai-Guberlinskoy Gorge is a habitat for species of plants 6 and 7 species with this status. In addition to the environmental value of land reserves for future perspective in the use of tourism potential and has a fairly high capacity tourism. Scientific activity reserves the educational component is assumed to be in the form of increased research and in attracting school summer camps and bases of University practices in the reserve. Creating a regional landscape and biological reserves "Guberlinskoy Mountain" and "Karagay-Guberlinskoy Gorge" is a significant contribution to the stabilization of the ecological situation in the industrialized East Orenburg. This will increase the area of a regional network of protected areas is almost two — to 280 000 ha, amounting to 2.3 % of the area of the Orenburg region.

Stepanov V.K., Marieva I.V., Isaeva O.V.
THERAPEUTIC CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION IN DESTRUCTIVE KERATOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
Authors produced results of therapeutic corneal grafting on patients with destructive corneal pathology, which was associated with rheumatoid polyarthritis. There were 27 patients (18 women, 9 men) aged from 52 to 82. Destructive processes looked like deep clean corneal ulcers. There were 14 patients with uncovered descemet's membrane, 7 patients had perforation of the cornea, 8 patients had destructive corneal processes through 2–3 months after cataract extraction with IOL implantation. We have made therapeutic lamellar keratoplasty by own technology in all of cases, because conservative treatment was ineffective. In 15 patients we added to keratoplasty amniotic membrane covering and blepharorrhaphy, it allowed us check out these patients from the hospital on next day. In 23 patients recovery happened after first surgery, in 4 patients we have seen relapse disease in long-term period through 1–2 months. In 2 patients recovery happened after repeated surgery and in 1 patient after third surgery. Corneal transplant has regenerated transparent in 12 patients, half-transparent in 11 patients and opacity cornea in 4 patients. All patient's eyes were saved with vision function to 0.1. In this way, the lamellar keratoplasty gave effective result with saving of eyes in all patients with hard destruction of the cornea, which was associated with rheumatoid polyarthritis. Amniotic membrane covering of corneal transplant and blepharorrhaphy allowed to use postoperative treatment outpatient with observing in the Eye hospital, it was comfortable for patients and was cost effective for hospital.

Stepanov A.S., Stepanova I.A., Ivleva J.S., Manuev L.Yu.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ELEMENTS OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE OF RADIO AND FACTOR OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
In article questions of increase in sources of electromagnetic radiation of the technogenic nature, and also their dangerous influences on health of the person and a condition of natural ecosystems are considered, the main sources of electromagnetic radiations in habitat of the modern person are characterized. The choice of object of research as source of technogenic electromagnetic radiation — object of radio television infrastructure — the Orenburg regional radio television transmitting center locates, the description of the device by means of which measurements were performed is made, the measurement technique is given in compliance by methodical indications of determination of level of the electromagnetic field created by the radiating technical means of television and broadcasting the choice of the measured size — intensity of electric field according to sanitary hygienic requirements to placement and operation of the transferring radio engineering objects is reasoned, data of limit admissible level of electromagnetic radiation of the normalized size for radio television object are provided. The processed results of intensity of electric field during research in the territory of the housing estate adjacent to object of research, on border of its sanitary protection zone and far from a source of technogenic electromagnetic radiation are shown. The sequence of map development in ArcGIS 10.3 geographic information system is described. Final maps by results of all measurements with ranging of ranges of intensity of electric field are shown, the maximum and minimum values of the studied size are explained, the zone of the maximum stable excess of maximum-permissible level throughout all measurements is revealed. Conclusions are drawn on dependence of intensity of electric field on removal on object of research. Influence of a source of technogenic electromagnetic radiation and object of city radio television infrastructure — the Orenburg regional radio television transmitting center — on the adjacent inhabited territory is estimated.

Stepanova I.A., Stepanov S.A., Ivleva J.S., Manuel L.Yu.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN FACTOR NOISE POLLUTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF ORENBURG ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
In article features of noise as physical factor of environmental pollution, namely, atmospheric air are considered. Its influence on mental and physical health and efficiency of the person is described. In article it is allocated as the main source of noise for research — a transport stream as makes more than a half of all noise pollution and is available to carrying out measurements. For measurements of noise level the choice of the territory of the central region of the city of Orenburg — the most crowded part of the city with a set of places for a recreation and a dense transport network is reasonable. The purpose of work is drawing up the noise card and identification of zones with excess and observance of standards of maximum permissible noise level. For drawing up the noise card the audio-noise meter of the second class of accuracy by which 280 measurements on 23 city streets were carried out was used: along transport roads, adjacent buildings, recreation areas, the inhabited yards. The measurement technique is given in compliance by methodical indications of determination of the noise level created by a transport stream the choice of the measured size is reasoned. Data of maximum-permissible noise level of the normalized size for the studied objects are provided. The noise card is created with use of geoiformatsionny ArcGIS 10.3 system and made without a housing estate. All measured indicators are given in the card in average value during measurement of March, 2015. On a total conclusions are drawn on the general noise pollution of the central region, the reasons for the developed adverse situation in respect of noise pollution on streets with the maximum excess of admissible noise level are described. In work the lowered noise level on the weekend is also reasonable and shielding of noise along highways is considered by green plantings.

Galaktionova L.V., Stepanova M.A., Teslya A.V., Anufrienko A.V.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ABILITY OF FLORA URBAN AREAS TO ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The paper studies the ability of trees and shrubs in urban areas to absorb heavy metals. The study was identified Election ability of some species of flora in the city of Orenburg and Buzuluk to the accumulation of copper and zinc.

Drobot G.P., Trubacheva V.S., Gazheeva T.P., Stepanova A.E.
CYTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENTS OF PSEUDOEOSINOPHILS MICROBICIDAL FUNCTION OF GUINEA FOWLS ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
Cytochemical study of guinea fowl blood pseudoeosinophils were carried out. The high level of activity of lysosomal-cation proteins has been established in the cells of Russian breed Volgskaya belaya, French breed Essor and colored guinea fowl populations. Essor guinea fowl pseudoeosinophils differ in the alkaline and acid phosphatase levels.

Stepanova I.A., Stepanov A.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY OF FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM IN ORENBURG ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The article is devoted to the study of structural and functional organization of the ecosystem of the city of Orenburg (namely environmental aspects of designing garages and parking lots in the urban environment).

Stepanova M.A.
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS OF WILD APPLE TREE(MALUS SYLVESTRIS) IN BUZULUK ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
With increasing urbanization is changing urban environment, which differs in many respects from the natural environment. Heavy metals occupy a special position, because, not subjected to physico-chemical or biological degradation, accumulate in the surface layer of the soil and change their properties, for a long time are available for root uptake by plants and actively participate in the processes of migration in trophic chains.

Stepanova M.A.
ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS WILD APPLE TREE (MALUSSYLVESTRIS) IN BUZULUK ^{[№ 6 ' 2013]}
With increasing urbanization is changing urban environment, which differs in many respects from the natural environment. Heavy metals occupy a special position, because, not subjected to physico-chemical or biological degradation, accumulate in the surface layer of the soil and change their properties, for a long time are available for root uptake by plants and actively participate in the processes of migration in trophic chains.