Velmovskiy P.V., Chibilyov A.A., Levykin S.V., Kazachkov G.V., Chibilyov A.A. (jr), Yakovlev I.G., Grudinin D.A.
ON THE HISTORY OF A FOREST MELIORATION FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT IN ORENBURG STATE ^{[№ 13 ' 2015]}
One of the primary problem ofsteppe use optimization and stable agro-landscapes development is formation and support of a forest melioration framework in the steppe region. Today, by virtue of a line of social-economical and agro-ecological problems systems of forest cultures developed before loses their agro-ecological functions, their breakup and collapse happen due to agro-lands demands reduction and fires acceleration. In this connection a development of a new concept of a forest melioration framework suitable for current condition and modern steppe science achievement is extremely topical and urgent. To develop a modern concept of a forest melioration framework is necessary to research spreading and dynamics of forest plantations as well as historical experience of steppe forest melioration. Using historical methods is revealed that before forest vegetation was represented more wide lyandvarious on the territory of modern Orenburgskaya oblast, especially on Common Syrt and in the Pre-Ural region, e. g. Siberian larch from the north reaches to in latitude 53°. Periodization of forest melioration with separation of three stages was developed in Orenburgskaya oblast. Herewith, the first stage fell on the middle of 1930s, but the main activity to develop a forest melioration was made during 1948–1953 in the frame of a rapid implementation of A Council of Ministers Resolution USSR and the Central Committee of C.P.S.U. (b) of 20.10.1948 № 3960. A scale of forest cultural activity and main objects, including a state forest belt "Vishnevaya mountain  — the Caspian sea" is shown. A short characteristic of forest fund in Orenburgskaya oblast and a dynamics of reafforestation during 1980–2013 are given in the paper. A formation history of elements of a forest melioration framework and forest-cultural complexes in Orenburgskaya oblast show that a scaled work were made on the initiative and with support of the state government. Today, with an importance of the state support the necessary successful term is land users interest and ecological-economic reasonability of developed plantations taking into account achievement and guidelines of modern steppe science.

Levykin S.V., Chibilyov А.А., Velmovskiy P.V., Kazachkov G.V., Chibilyov А.А. (jr)
A STATE AND PROBLEMS OF A FOREST MELIORATION FRAMEWORK IN ORENBURGSKAYA OBLAST, PRINCIPALS OF ITS MODERNIZATION ^{[№ 13 ' 2015]}
Today, in a land reform condition against the background of structural transformation in forestry management and climate change,issues of steadiness, vitality and anagro-ecological function of afforestation, first of allcultural forest plantations, gain a special topicality. Forest plantations lose their primary functions, first of all an agro-ecological function. On the one hand, mess and breakup existing components of a forest melioration framework happen, on the other hand, aggressive invasive species from woodland belts occupy fallow lands that leads to agricultural land loss. Acclimation rate, forest plantations dimension, a field protecting function were a first-priority fact during development of main forest cultures. Here with, an aesthetic attractiveness of plantations, their recreational function and wood species selection taking into account an expansion potential, were not paid a significant attention. A key components assessment of a forest melioration framework in different forest-vegetation conditions in Orenburg state were made using historical, landscape, cartographical, statistical, comparative-geographical and forest-taxon methods. Principals and a strategy for modernization of forest melioration framework are developed on the base of this assessment. In the process the following task were realized: a historical experience of a forest melioration development was summarized; a comparative assessment of a current state of forest melioration framework components in different forest-vegetation conditions, including etalon conditions was given; suggestions for ecological-structural optimization, conservation and reasonable use of natural-anthropogenic areas taking into account modern steppe science guidelines, were developed; priorities of reafforestation in a historical areal of forest vegetation taking into account priority of conservation and restoration of steppe biological species, first of all rare and endangered species, were defined. Landscape criteria of reasonability and limitation of forest activity are offered, notions of forest melioration fund and framework in the territory were given. On the base of nature-conformity in technologies of steppe for estation is offered a concept of anaccurate (contour) reafforestation,according too utlines of an initial growing and priority of indigenous species in the selection.

Chibilyov A.A. (jr.), Semenov E.A., Grigorevsky D.V.
REGIONAL FEATURES OF NATURAL RESOURCE USE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Today, in the current socio-economic and environmental situation in the Orenburg region as the main directions of use of the natural resources of protected areas, conservation landscapes and biodiversity was chosen to create science-based network of Specially Protected Natural Areas. Identification of natural areas valuable in economic, scientific, educational and recreational initiated in respect of the area in the 60s. Of particular importance to the work on the identification of protected areas acquired during the transition period to a market economy. It is worth noting that today, in the Orenburg region most of the natural resources, involving intensive recreational development, accounts for protected areas. This situation is caused by their inherent special mode of management, to avoid the negative human interventions, agricultural and industrial development, promoting conservation of landscape aesthetics and recreational attractiveness of the area. With the existing imbalances accommodation facilities of recreation and tourism in the Orenburg region, it is important to emphasize that the current level of development of recreation in most areas of the Orenburg region is quite low compared to the potential. The article describes the characteristics of protected areas, assesses their recreational resources, the analysis of the characteristics of the natural resources of the region in terms of their use of the recreational potential and perspectives of the organization of new forms of protected areas, formulate conclusions and recommendations on the rational use of natural resources.

Chibilyov A.A., Chibilyova V.P.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND PRINCIPALS TO FORM REGIONAL SYSTEMS OF SPECIAL PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES IN THE URAL ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Approaches developed to form a network of special protected natural areas in Ural (SPNA) and criteria to select valuable areas going to a united interregional ecological network are considered. Principal aspects for the further development of the network of SPNA in Ural as federal so regional significance are suggested. In the course of complex scientific expeditions we developed approaches for ecological zoning of Ural and an integral assessment of biological diversity for key types of ecosystems in Ural. A number of key landscapes and geological natural monuments which have been revealed in the course of the expeditions, allowsto arrange a representative network of preserves including natural heritage and natural diversity of the Ural natural country.

Filimonova I.U., Chibileva V.P., Sviatokha N.U.
KOUMISS TREATMENT AS A PROMISING DIRECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL USE OF NATURE IN THE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 7 ' 2015]}
Recreational nature managementin this article is considered as a part of sustainable territory development system. Recently great attention is paid to problems of sustainable territory development.According to the authors kumiss therapy,which is the traditional form of treatment of the Orenburg region, must be considered as a promising direction of development of recreational nature management in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. The article analyzes the history of the development koumiss treatmentbased on medical institutions of Russia and the USSR. It is noted that with the collapse of the Soviet Union ceased to exist organized in the early XX century network of health centers, practicing kumiss therapy. Also schematic mapswere made,they show the accommodationof koumiss treatment institutions in the Soviet period and at the present stage. The article also noted reduction of a livestock of horses in Russia from 1991 to 2009. The authors have shown increased production of koumiss in Russia from 2010 to 2013, for a several years a leader in this indicator is Volga Federal District. The article also provides an overview of three existing koumiss treatment institutions of Orenburg region — summer camp "Dzhanetovka" and sanatoriums "Red glade" and "Steppe lighthouse". To regardcompetitive advantages of the region (steppe climate, unique opportunities landscape therapy, horse breeding as a traditional form of management and others)andalso a high incidence of tuberculosis, authors concluded, that it isadvisable to revive the traditions of koumiss treatment and to modernizethe networkof koumiss treatmentinstitutions in the Orenburg region. The most promising areas for development of koumiss treatment included: Kuvandykskskii, Saraktashskii, Belyaevskii, Pervomaiskii, Sol-Iletsky, Akbulaksky regions.