Bokov D.A., Obidchenko M.P.
MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL REGULARITY OF FEMALE PYGMY WOOD MOUSE (SYLVAEMUS URALENSIS PALLAS, 1811) PUBERTY: INTRAOVARIAL FACTORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ^{[№ 3 ' 2017]}
Puberty of female pygmy wood mouse, as an ecological phenomenon, is a complex morphophysiological process of forming groups of reproductively active individuals at the population level, and the development of the reproductive system, based on ovaries' organ differentiation. Conditions of animals puberty define functional and reproductive heterogeneity of the elementary populations' structure and the specificity of the active mechanisms of population reproduction adaptation processes. To date, the environmental aspects of female pygmy wood mouse puberty remain to be studied insufficiently. Using population-statistics, histological, morphometric methods we studied the dynamics, volume, direction of ovaries' organ differentiation and functionally-reproductive structure of pygmy wood mouse elementary populations according to fertility level and population density. It was found that in groups with low population density the proportion of females, whose fertility is low (3–5 embryos per individual), increases. It indirectly evidences of earlier puberty. Histological analysis has showed that such animals have ovarian hyperplasia, when just emerged on the surface mice have folliculogenesis and endocrine activity of the gonads. In populations with a high population density up to 70 % of females usually have 6–7 embryos per one. There puberty is blocked. Firstly, there are females with gonadal hypoplasia, when the ovary has featured of embriotipical organ. Secondly, folliculogenesis of some animals is controllable suppressed because of developing glandular structures in ovarian cortex, whose endocrine activity depresses the central influence on the sex glands. Thus, we received information about new mechanisms of reproduction regulation in populations of pygmy wood mouse, based on adaptive control of females puberty.

Notova S.V., Slobodskov A.A., Bokov D.A., Sizova E.A.
SRC GENE EXPRESSION IN CHANGING PLACENTAL TISSUESAFTER EXPOSURE TO COPPER NANOPARTICLES ^{[№ 12 ' 2016]}
The SRC gene is a protooncogene with vague regulatory functions. Protein products of its expression are tyrosinkinases that modulate membrane receptors to cytokines involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Placental insufficiency and placental immaturity are characterized by complicated pathogenesis, so morphogenetic and regulatory aspects of their development are not clearly defined. In addition, inevitable usage of nanostructured substances for the purpose of medical diagnosis and treatment is presently evident. There were shown toxigenic features of nanoparticles for placental tissues leading to intolerable decline in surface area of the chorion and fetal-placental metabolic rate. The aim of the research is to establish connections between c-src gene expression and structural processes of chorial remodeling after damage. The study shows the main mechanisms of placental adaptation after exposure to copper nanoparticles (dose 1.0 mg/kg) administered to pregnant Wistar rats throughout the gestation period. The first mechanism consists in the increase in the proportion of intermediate villi and their processes, the second one is the increase in volume of syncytial knots. As a result, new formation of structures is observed, including terminal villi. The src gene expression was detected in epithelial cells of syncytial knots, as well as on separate epithelial sites of intermediate and terminal villi (induced epithelium). SRC gene is also actively expressed in fibroblasts of fetal stroma. Decidua and peripheral portion of trophoblast in spongy zone do not contain signs of SRC gene activity. Thus, there was established that SRC gene plays a regulatory role increasing processes of chorionic villi growth in placenta after exposure to copper nanoparticles and consequent damage.

Bokov D.A.
REPRODUCTION IN ELEMENTARY POPULATIONS OF THE SMALL WOOD MOUSE (SYLVAEMUS URALENSIS PALLAS, 1811): EFFECTIVE RANGE AND MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
The goal is to find a connection and interdependence of the female wood mouse's phenomenological reproduction processes, based on the verification of metasystem regulation mechanism. Using the field, the population-statistical and morphological (including histological) methods, we've studied the complex phenomena of small wood mouse (Sylvaemusuralensis Pallas, 1811) reproductive activity at different biosystem's levels (tissue, organ, organism and population). We studied the changes in the age-reproductive and age-ontogenetic structure of elementary populations of wood mouse, and also the level of fertility and features of the involvement of females in reproduction, dynamics of folliculogenesis in the conditions of change degree of heterogeneity of environmental conditions. Here the phenomenon of gonads' hypoplasia or active blockade of folliculogenesis is common. In background territories limit the entry of females in reproduction is happening. In such animals immediately after rising to the surface, hyperplasia of gonads and a new level of folliculogenesis dynamics — reaching terminal preovulatory forms ovo-somatic gistions are observed.Females with earlier onset of reproductive activity prepared for the new conditions of entry into reproductive activity during ontogenesis.This period is shifted to an earlier time.It the same time, the period of ontogeny, when the first ovulation becomes possible, is changing. In particular, the proportion of females involved in reproduction, retained worse environmental conditions. We defined the adaptive capabilities of all named parameters. Intensification of processes of reproduction and maintaining of the functional-reproductive structure of groups determine of the success of the species and its persistent properties.

Bokov D.A., Neverova P.S., Obidchenko M.P., Senchukova M.A., Shevluk N.N.
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OFTOXIGENIC PATHOLOGYEMBRYOGENESIS: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Using patented models of experimental gastric cancer on the subacute formaldehyde chronic intoxication background, it has been studied its effect on the laboratory rats' pregnancy and development of the embryo and fetus.The results reveal a disorder of the volume and direction of the histological and organ differentiation process that determines the subsequent animals' stillbirth. Particularly, histological examination has found that stillborn rats have fetal and even embryonic organs. Their lungs werein the saccular stage of development. Cuboidal epithelium of saccules was not changed on squamous one. Strom was presented by only cellular elements, its elastic fiber component wasn't expressed.Formation of adequate alveolar-vascular relations was delayed.These structural factors contribute to the inability to maintain an effective gas exchange.The kidneys of these animals were on the metanephrogenicblastema stage.The digestive tube was at the epithelial plug stage.In the skeleton there were no centers of ossification.The whole complex morphogenetic phenomena allows to prove unviability of newborn rats: a significant proportion of their stillbirths.At the same time, fertility, the possibility of pregnancy and its parameters are suppressed, that resulting in a decrease in weight and number of newborn rats. Long-term intake of subthreshold concentrations of formaldehyde, caused by the accumulation of the substance in hydro- and edafosfere, proves embriotoxic value of xenobiotic and poor prognosis of pregnancy and the end of gestation, considering carcinogenic effects and cancer of the mother's stomach.

Bokov D.A.
HISTOGENETIC STATUS OF SPERMARY OF IMMATURE ANIMAL UNIT OF SMALL WOOD MOUSE (SYLVAEMUS URALENSIS PALLAS, 1811) AT REALIZATION OF ADAPTIVE EFFECT OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY OF TYPE GROUPS ON MAN-CAUSED REFORMED TERRITORY ^{[№ 6 ' 2009]}

Bokov D.A., Shevlyuk N.N., Demina L.L.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME SPECIFIC FACTORS ACTIVITY OF HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT OF TECHNOSPHERE OF SEX MALE GLANDS (MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH) ^{[№ 6 ' 2009]}

Demina L.L., Bokov D.A.
APPRAISAL OF ECOLOGICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SMALL MAMMAL IN CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE ^{[№ 12 ' 2007]}
It is shown that anthropogenic factors of Orenburg gas processing plant influence substantially on the structure of communities and majority of types of small mammal. Communities become into monodominant communities, majority of types decreases. Method of morphophysiological indicators allows appreciating physiological condition of micromammal’s organism. More significant indexes are indexes of liver and epinephroses, meaning of which testifies tensity of energy condition of organism.

Shevlyuk N.N., Stadnikov A.A., Bokov D.A., Blinova E.V.
HYPOTHALAMOHYPOPHYSIAL-GONADAL SYSTEM OF MAMMALS AT INFLUENCE OF DESTABILIZING FACTORS OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY ON AN ORGANISM ^{[№ 12 ' 2007]}

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