Bogoutdinov D.Z., Kastalyeva T.B., Girsova N.V.
VIRAL DISEASES OF CEREAL CROPS IN SAMARA REGION ^{[№ 4 ' 2017]}
Lately, the spread of viral diseases on cereals has increased in Samara oblast. Lack of opportunities for farmers to use the diagnostic tools or express-methods (test strips) as well as of trained personnel with knowledge of the most common pathogens of viral diseases complicates diagnosis and application of adequate measures for prevention of the diseases. There are mainly 8 diseases of cereal crops causing by viral infections in the European Russia, including Samara region. Seven of the nine viruses described in the article have been identified in Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, using, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. They are most common and harmful. Russian winter wheat mosaic disease is caused by Winter wheat Russian mosaic cytorhabdovirus. Epidemiology is determined by the reservation of the virus in perennial plants and leafhoppers-vectors: Psammotettix striatus L. and Macrosteles laevis Rib. Stripe mosaic wheat disease caused by Wheat streak mosaic virus. Epidemiology defines by mite-vectors: Aceria tritici Schev., and Aceria tosichella Kiefer. Stripe mosaic barley disease caused by Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus. Epidemiology defines by transmission via seeds, mainly in barley and wheat. Brome mosaic disease is caused by Brome mosic virus. Epidemiology is determined by contact transmission through insects, mites and nematodes. Soil-borne wheat mosaic disease and spindle-streak wheat mosaic disease: causal agents are Soil-borne wheat mosaic furovirus and Wheat streak mosaic bymovirus. Epidemiology depends on plasmodiophorida Polymyxa graminis Ledingham. Barley yellow dwarf disease is caused by two viruses: Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus. Epidemiology is defined by transfer with aphids, such as Rhopalosiphum padi L., Sitobium avenae Fabricius, Shizaphis graminum Rondani, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch., and others. Pseudorosette disease (zakuklivanie) of cereals is caused by Oat pseudorosette virus and unidentified phytoplasma. Epidemiology is determined by reservoir-plants of the family Poaceae and leafhopper vector Laodelphax striatellus Fall. To prevent the spread of viral diseases of cereals, it is advisable to use the integrated methods of plant protection.

Nemtseva N.V., Gorbunova O.S., Bogoutdinov D.Z., Savin E.Z., Malenkova O.V.
TO THE QUESTION OF WITHERING OF BLACKCURRANT ^{[№ 5 ' 2016]}
In certain regions of the Russian Federation and abroad mass withering of blackcurrant is observed in the last decade (Ribes nigrum L.). The area of distribution and injuriousness of a disease includes the Voronezh, Orenburg, Rostov regions, the Lower Volga and Central Volga area, regions of East Ukraine (The Kharkiv, Donetsk regions) and Northwest Kazakhstan. There is evidence that the death of R. nigrum may be caused by fungi of the genus Verticillium and Fusarium and Alternaria. In this regard, in recent years is the study of the mycological component of this culture. The aim of this work was the comparative characterization of complexes of microscopic fungi that live on trunks, roots, leaves of black currant. The results of studies in damaged plants revealed the presence of three genera of fungi — Fusarium, Alternaria, Verticillium. In addition, in some cases, discovered nematodes and spider mites, whose role is not installed. Comparing the received data with the temperature regime of the territory of the Orenburg region showed the greatest peak of microscopic fungi pathogenicity for R. nigrum in the period July — August. It is expected that wilt currant bushes initiated phytoplasma infection and subsequent contamination of fungi.The received results allow to specify the stages of the research and determine the methods of prevention and therapy of wilt blackcurrant.