Levykin S.V., Nurushev M.Zh., Kazachkov G.V., Yakovlev I.G., Grudinin D.A.
SPECIFICS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF STEPPE LANDSCAPE AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SELF-RESTORATION ON THE TERRITORY UNDERGONE THE VIRGIN LAND CAMPAIGN IN ZAVOLZHYE-URALS ECOREGION ^{[№ 11 ' 2017]}
The main results of research into the territory undergone the virgin land campaign in Zavolzhye-Urals ecoregion on the theme of title steppe species reaction on plough use sharp termination in large scale of square are given. It is ascertained that pennata and lessingiana feather grasses under conditions of 10 years long plough pause and seed base existence form a dense clump, that functions as a phytobase of secondary steppe ecosystem directing fallow land succession to secondary steppe and promoting restoration steppe species, especially title ones. Amid such ones we accentuate marmot and little bustard showing properties of aggressive intruder, which pioneer fallow lands simultaneously with feather grasses. Great bustard and saiga didn’t show such properties. Other species return on fallow lands in dependence on local conditions and factors. Within the region under research, about 300 thou ha secondary steppes are found, mainly in Kazakhstan. Earlier ascertained factors promoting plough pause and factors promoting fallow lands mass reploughing up even in chestnut soil subzone, first of all suitability for modern technologies, are refined. It is observed that the main arrays of the most technologically suitable fallow lands in the Northern and the Western Kazakhstan are virtually completely reploughed up, and one of the last refuge of fallow lands, including expanding ones, is saved in Preduralia where terrain is rugged. For such refuges we propose the principal scheme of fallow land selection aimed at forming and saving secondary steppes, and virtually no cost nature simulating technology of self-restoration. The series of proposals aimed at secondary steppes saving and rational use, including the “Orenburgskaya Tarpania” project further development, is given.

Yakovleva T.B.
ANTHOLOGY OF WORKS BY THE WINNERS OF THE LITERARY PRIZE. P. I. RYCHKOV (2006-2015) AS A REFLECTION OF THE LITERARY LIFE OF THE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 1 ' 2017]}
The article attempts to present the book “Chicks nest Rychkova” as a reflection of the literary life of the Orenburg region. The anthology was prepared for the tenth anniversary of the presentation of the literary prize named after P.I. Rychkova. These are the best products Orenburg authors who in different years received the highest rating of the jury of the literary contest. The work celebrates not only the diversity of works, but the complexity of the issues and depth of ideological intention, and the nature of the conflict, stylistic identity and continuation of traditions of Russian classical literature. All of this is a new way to rethink the concept of “regional literature” is an epic boundaries cease to exist when we rise to the universal problems.

Sviatokha N.Y., Filimonova I.Y., Grudinin D.A., Yakovlev I.G.
ECOTOURISM AS A FORM OF RECREATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT (IN CASE OF ORENBURG REGION) ^{[№ 8 ' 2016]}
One of the forms of sustainable use of natural resources is eco-tourism contributing to environmental protection. Therefore, tourism can make a significant contribution to the preservation of nature. With proper management and planning of recreation areas, ecotourism can be an effective tool for environmental protection. The greatest development this kind of tourism has received abroad. In Russia it is presented, usually in the form of private trips to places of ecotourism. In order to talk about ecotourism as a mechanism for the preservation and protection of nature, he certainly must have an organized form. Orenburg oblast has significant resources for development of ecological tourism. In the study conducted by the recreational zoning of Orenburg region. Most promising for the development of ecological tourism in the region are the southern and Eastern areas with the natural conditions and resources, conducive to the development of this region, with a relatively low level of economic development of the territory. These zones are distinguished by the presence of a large number of attractive objects, and specially protected natural areas, natural monuments, preserved steppe areas, which can be used in ecotourism. One of the ways of preserving nature can be the development of tourism and recreation. Contrary to popular belief, organized tourism does not harm nature, protecting it. Taking into account the competitive advantages of the region, the authors came to the conclusion that in the Orenburg region promising to consider ecological tourism as a means of protection. Of course, the problems of preserving and protecting the environment can only be resolved when rational recreational nature. Thus, the term eco-tourism in the Orenburg region in conducting competent policy in the field of tourism can be an effective mechanism for the conservation of nature.

Debelo P.V., Chibilev A.A., Yakovlev I.G.
ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE SHREW SPREAD (INSECTIVORA, EULIPOTYPHLA, SORICIDAE) IN THE URAL-CASPIAN REGION ^{[№ 7 ' 2016]}
Zemleroykovye are one of the most ancient and, in too time, the prospering group of mammals. In the region dwelling of 10 types from which 4 look are krayearealny, noted only in several points where their modern stay demands confirmation is so far established. Specification also distribution demands kutor which area was significantly reduced in connection with anthropogenous transformation of habitats. Speschanny deserts have connected distribution of a skewbald putorak. From other representatives modern conditions are rather favorable only for evritopny, with universal ecomorphological type of the organization of the ordinary common shrew and tightly specialized small common shrew inhabiting ecoton communities. Rasprostraneniye and small белозубок even in general remains belobryukhy insufficiently studied and on a considerable part of the region it is only possible to speak about their distribution presumably. Specifications demand also biotopical preferences of these types. Everything noted complicates monitoring of this important group in the tsenotichesky relation and, respectively, development of recommendations about preservation of this interesting link in a region biodiversity.

Debelo P.V., Chibilev A.A., Yakovlev I.G.
SOME EKOLOGO-GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF DYNAMICS OF DISTRIBUTION AND NUMBER THE EZHINYKH (INSECTIVORA, EULIPOTYPHLA, ERINACEIDAE) IN URALO-KASPIYSK THE REGION ^{[№ 3 ' 2016]}
Ezhinye are the most archaic mammals that gives the grounds to consider them as especially vulnerable group. At the same time in a number of habitats they are quite usual types that testifies о their considerable ecological potential. According to literary data and personal materials in the region lives 3 quite well genetically, ecologically and topichesk of the hedgehogs isolated a look. Their modern distribution and number are defined by landscape and climatic features and economic development of the territory. Most negatively last affects distribution of the southern hedgehog, especially at the southern limits of his area. For a big-eared hedgehog the happening changes on the most part of the region (especially at northern limits of distribution) were favorable; they favor also to expansion of an ecological niche of a dlinnoigly look. A necessary condition of their preservation is reduction of scales of anthropogenous impact on landscapes.

Velmovskiy P.V., Chibilyov A.A., Levykin S.V., Kazachkov G.V., Chibilyov A.A. (jr), Yakovlev I.G., Grudinin D.A.
ON THE HISTORY OF A FOREST MELIORATION FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT IN ORENBURG STATE ^{[№ 13 ' 2015]}
One of the primary problem ofsteppe use optimization and stable agro-landscapes development is formation and support of a forest melioration framework in the steppe region. Today, by virtue of a line of social-economical and agro-ecological problems systems of forest cultures developed before loses their agro-ecological functions, their breakup and collapse happen due to agro-lands demands reduction and fires acceleration. In this connection a development of a new concept of a forest melioration framework suitable for current condition and modern steppe science achievement is extremely topical and urgent. To develop a modern concept of a forest melioration framework is necessary to research spreading and dynamics of forest plantations as well as historical experience of steppe forest melioration. Using historical methods is revealed that before forest vegetation was represented more wide lyandvarious on the territory of modern Orenburgskaya oblast, especially on Common Syrt and in the Pre-Ural region, e. g. Siberian larch from the north reaches to in latitude 53°. Periodization of forest melioration with separation of three stages was developed in Orenburgskaya oblast. Herewith, the first stage fell on the middle of 1930s, but the main activity to develop a forest melioration was made during 1948–1953 in the frame of a rapid implementation of A Council of Ministers Resolution USSR and the Central Committee of C.P.S.U. (b) of 20.10.1948 № 3960. A scale of forest cultural activity and main objects, including a state forest belt "Vishnevaya mountain  — the Caspian sea" is shown. A short characteristic of forest fund in Orenburgskaya oblast and a dynamics of reafforestation during 1980–2013 are given in the paper. A formation history of elements of a forest melioration framework and forest-cultural complexes in Orenburgskaya oblast show that a scaled work were made on the initiative and with support of the state government. Today, with an importance of the state support the necessary successful term is land users interest and ecological-economic reasonability of developed plantations taking into account achievement and guidelines of modern steppe science.

Kazachkov G.V., Levykin S.V., Petrischev V.P., Yakovlev I.G., Grudinin D.A.
ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL THRESHOLD OF ARABILITY FOR STEPPE AGRARIAN LANDS ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
The tools of steppe agrarian landscape optimizing based upon the converting ploughland biopotential productivity unit into the term of money with cash flow discounting is developed. The ecological and economical threshold of arability for steppe agrarian lands is found.

Levykin S.V., Kazachkov G.V., Yakovlev I.G., Grudinin D.A.
THE NEW ASSESSMENT OF THE TSELINA VIRGIN LANDS CAMPAIGN FROM THE STANDPOINT OF STEPPE SCIENCE ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
The new interpretation of cradle, specific features, periodization and assessment evolution of the Tselina virgin lands campaign is given. The new and original approach considering Tselina as a tool of steppe renovation is proposed on the grounds of studies on secondary steppes and the constructive model of steppe.

Yakovleva L.V., Utaliev A.A.
AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF TOTAL NITROGEN CONTENT IN SOIL — VEGETATIVE COMPLEXES OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
In the work features of receipt and accumulation of nutritious phosphorus in soil-vegetative complexes of meadows of medium and lower levels of delta of Volga are considered. Dependence of formation of vegetative communities on position in a relief and humidifying degree is established. The data about accumulation of phosphorus in soil-vegetative complexes of meadows of medium and lower levels is obtained, it is established that their concentration in many respects depends on specific structure of vegetative communities, their position in a relief and distinction of physical and chemical characteristics of a soil cover. For not embanked sites higher maintenance of phosphorus in elevated parts of plants is peculiar, and embanked territories are characterized by higher maintenance of phosphorus in tree waste and underground parts of plants.

Yakovleva Yu.K., Onosova I.A.
SPECIAL FEATURES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND ETHNO-CULTURAL PROCESSES IN DONBASS ^{[№ 8 ' 2015]}
Summary. Understanding and consideration of pupil's ethno-cultural traditions is quite important for effective state administration and development of a region as a whole. Economic establishment of Donbass was executed under the influence of labor migrations that functioned as the key factor of population formation of the region with its ethno-cultural environment. Such historical preconditions also influenced the modern decision of Donbass population. The efforts initiated to dispute the choice resulted in military and political conflict and difficult social and economic situation. These present challenges as well as the implementation issues of future development strategies condition the need for analysis in demographic aspects of ethno-cultural environment formation in Donetsk Region. It is established that labor migrations conducted under control of tsarist and further Soviet Government not only promoted the progress of Donbass industry but formed ethnic and cultural basis of the regional society. In various historical periods the inflow of Russian migrants, and their predominance in towns and industrial centers of Donbass conditioned the prevalence of the Russian language with culture and traditions in its ethno-cultural environment. It is found out that during the period that is relatively short for the history of mankind on the territory of Lugansk and Donetsk area there appeared a new specific community of people whose mentality and genetic memory was determined by unity with Russian world and Russian fundamentals. The complicated social and political situation, and military conflict in Donbass is the consequence of the natural response of Donbass people to the attempts initiated to deprive them of their native language, history and the right of choice of own development way that was predetermined by the historical past. The present situation demonstrates again that state administration and government policy cannot be effective and successful without taking into account and understanding of the nation's history and ethno-cultural traditions.

Levykin S.V., Kazachkov G.V., Yakovlev I.G., Grudinin D.A.
THE PROPOSALS ON THE CONSERVATION OF LANDSCAPE AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF STEPPES IN THE TRANSFRONTIER ZONE OF ORENBURG REGION OF RUSSIA AND AKTYUBINSK REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The moratorium on the reploughing up of low productive lands, where secondary steppes restore itself, and the adaptive livestock raising development could be a substantial contribution to the conservation of landscape and biological diversity of steppe ecosystems. The position of such land plots adjacently to the Russia-Kazakhstan frontier makes this region holding much promise for a transfrontier steppe NAPP system when it is formed.

Fedotova A.V., Yakovleva L.V., Sorokin A.P., Strelkov S.P., Strelkova E.V.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT STATE OF POST-AGROGENE SOILS OF THE DELTA OF VOLGA ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The assessment of a physical and salt condition of post-agrogene soils of anthropogenically transformed landscapes of the delta of Volga is carried out. It is established that existence of irrigation canals and proximity of an arrangement of the main drainage channel has impact on spatial distribution of soil properties and salts in a landscape (r = 0,84). The arable horizons of studied agrosoils authentically differ from each other on key parameters: K_vodopr, P_b, K_str and to the maintenance of LRS.

Yakovleva L.V., Fedotova A.V.
METHODS OF FIELD ELECTROPHYSICS IN SOIL APPROBATION OF ARID TERRITORIES ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The article dwells on the results of the research that was made with the help of electrophysics methods and traditional methods of saline soil approbation of anthropogenically altered landscape of the deltoid landscape within the western part of the Volga delta and the eastern part of ilmen. Our regression analysis of different data, obtained by different methods, confirmed that it is preferable to use a water-saturated soil pastes method to estimate the salt content in the landscape.

Aprelev А.E., Yakovleva N.А.
PECUALIRITIES OF STRUCTURE AND OUTCOME OF DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CORNEAL ULCER DIAGNOSIS ^{[№ 4 ' 2013]}
In the work the statistical data of 134 in-patients with corneal ulcer diagnosis in the ophthalmology departments of the Orenburg regional hospital from 2009 till 2011 were analyzed. Increased risk of the corneal ulcer development and unfavorable outcome of disease in elderly patients were found.

Loktionova E.G., Yakovleva L.V., Bolonina G.V.
THE POLLUTION MONITORING OF PHENOLS, MINERAL OIL AND SYNTETIC SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS IN ASTRAKHAN INTERNAL WATERS ^{[№ 6 ' 2012]}
The article deals with pollution of inland waters in Astrakhan with phenols, synthetic surface-active substances, petroleum products. Monitoring studies were conducted for five years and showed an unfavorable ecological situation in the studied reservoirs.