|
|
|
Асылбаев И.Г.
Khasanov A.N., Khabirov I.K., Asylbaev I.G., Rafikov B.V.
BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF RESTORATION OF FERTILITY OF DEGRADIATED SOILS OF THE SOUTHERN URAL FOREST-STEPPE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Intensive farming has led to the depletion of land resources, so the reproduction of soil fertility and the use of agroecological methods of farming systems is an important task of the present. The world community increasingly pays attention to those methods of agriculture that ensure the maximum crop yield with minimal impact on the environment. Biologization of agriculture is one of the important links in the production of ecological products and the reproduction of soil fertility. The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of various elements or components of biological methods for restoring soil fertility (wheat and pea straw, manure, siderates, poultry manure, sapropel) in comparison with mineral (NPK) 60 and without mineral for crop yields and agrochemical, agrophysical, physico-chemical and biochemical properties of soils. It has been established that biological methods of farming increase the humus content by an average of 0.1–0.15 %, in connection with which the fertility of the soil increases, which leads to an increase in yield by an average of 15–20 %. One of the most effective method of biologization of agriculture is the application of manure 15 tons per hectare and bird droppings at doses of 40 to 60 tons per hectare, which is why the yield of agricultural crops is increased by more than 25 percent, and the humus content is increased by 0.1–0.5 %. It is revealed that the application of biological farming systems increases the formation of humus and nitrogen reserves, exerts a complex effect on all factors of soil fertility, which ultimately leads to an increase in crop yields.
Key words: soil, humus, organic farming, biological farming, nitrogen, biofertilizers, soil degradation.
Khabirov I.K., Asylbaev I.G., Lukmanov N.A.
RETROSPECTIVE MONITORING OF ZINC, ARSENIC, LEAD AND CADMIUM IN SOILS OF FOREST AND MEADOW ECOSYSTEMS SOUTH URAL
Due to living matter in the soil are concentrated and redistributed post-drank from the rock, the atmosphere and living organisms, chemical elements throughout the periodical systems, which are destroyed in their turn to form new compounds, they are under the constant influence of kinetic and thermodynamic forces animate and inanimate nature. The article presents the materials on the content of zinc, arsenic, lead and cadmium in the soils of the Southern Urals. The behavior of these elements in the retrospective aspect. SimilarResearch in the Southern Urals has not yet been carried out. The first results shows the presence of significant changes in the content of elements in the retrospective aspect. New concepts like biogeochemical activity and biogeochemical potential element in the soil. The thermodynamic performance oxides Education: Enthalpy, Entropy, Gibbs Energy. It was found that the greatest contribution to the soil-forming process in the conditions of Southern Urals are making zinc, arsenic, to a lesser extent lead and cadmium, to a small extent. From the point of view of ecology are major pollutants zinc and arsenic. Hundred- arable soil on the content of zinc, arsenic, lead and cadmium degraded almost to the level of a light-gray forest soils, evidenced by stocks of these items on a profile soil and thermodynamic constants.
Key words: a retrospective analysis, the Southern Urals, thermodynamics, zinc, arsenic, lead, cadmium.
Khabirov I.K., Asylbaev I.G., Yakupov I.Zh., Yakupova R.A., Rafikov B.V., Shakirov Yu.S.
APPRAISAL OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION DEGREE OF BLANKET OF SOUTH URAL ECOSYSTEMS
Khabirov I.K., Batanov B.N., Gabassova I.M., Asylbaev I.G., Yakupov I.Zh.
MINING COMPLEX INFLUENCE OF OF ZAURALIE ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF SOIL
The content and distribution of 63 chemical elements in rocks, soils of meadow and forest ecosystems of Zauralie mining region of Republic of Bashkortostan, confirmed with heterolevel antropogenic load, are studied in this article. The peculiarities and regularity of chemical elements distribution by soil profile depending on ways of their entrance, soil quality, presence of different geochemical barriers, natural anomalies and man-caused factors, are established here.
|
|
Editor-in-chief |
Sergey Aleksandrovich
MIROSHNIKOV |
|
|
