March 2015, № 3 (178)

Kallas E.V., Solovyeva T.P. PROPERTIES OF STEPPE SOIL OF CENTRAL SIBERIA AND PROBLEM OF DEGRADATIONSoil properties are an important factor in soil degradation. They determine the stability of the soil against erosion and deflation. The aim of the research is to identify the particular properties of steppe soils of southern Siberia, which determine their resistance to degradation. Kastanozems, southem chernozems, gleysoils and solonchaks are studied. All soils are formed in depressions on lake Uskol (South-Minusinsk basin) and Gorkoe (Chulym-Yenisei basin). The southern chernozems and kastanozems are characterized by low humus content (3–5 %), low clay content (5 %) and high of sand particles (50 %), the weak degree of development morphological structure and mechanical strength of macro-aggregates, high content of carbonates (20 % and more), the absence of salinity. The investigated soils are used as cultivated and pasture land. They are characterized by high density of the composition of the humus horizon (1,23–1,27 g/cm³). Soil compaction is accompanied by a decrease in the number of inter-aggregate pores and increases the proportion of capillary pores. Involving soils in the cultivated and pasture land will be followed by sputtering structure, increased degradation, while secondary salinization in irrigated agriculture is not serious threat. Hydromorphic soils are more resistant to degradation processes, but they are saline, which does not allow them to use in agriculture. It is necessary to carry out activities aimed at protecting the soil from degradation and desertification on the cultivated and pasture land. You must use the adaptive-landscape system of agriculture, which take into account all the factors of water erosion, deflation and other forms of soil degradation.Key words: degradation processes, southern chernozems, kastanozems, granulometric composition; humus; soil structure.

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About this article

Author: Kallas E.V.

Year: 2015

Editor-in-chief

Sergey Aleksandrovich
MIROSHNIKOV

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