Siromlya T.I.
FORMS OF THE COMPOUNDS OF LEAD, CADMIUM AND ZINCIN THE SOILS OF THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA ^{[№ 12 ' 2017]}
Using the method of parallel extractions regional peculiarities in the content and ratio of structural/insoluble and exchangeable forms of lead, cadmium and zinc in the background, anthropogenically transformed and contaminated soils of the south of Western Siberia were revealed. The total content as well as the content of labile (exchangeable) forms of compounds of heavy metals were found to vary widely. The differences in the behavior of different metals. In the uncontaminated and anthropogenically transformed soils Cd and Zn were found predominantly in structural forms, however, the share of loosely associated connections Pb is 52–77 % of the total content. The spatial distribution of heavy metals labile forms in the anthropogenically transformed soils was shown to correlate with their quantitative and qualitative composition in the uncontaminated soils of the region. No statistically significant difference between sandy and loamy soils in the heavy metals content was found. In the exchangeable forms for a fraction of Cd accounted for about half of the amount of all loosely associated connections, the fraction of specifically sorbing compounds which are potentially available for plants of items that is dominant for Pb and Zn. Certain regularity in the group composition of Cd, Pb и Zn compounds was revealed in technogenically contaminated soils, thus confirming high informative value of HM group composition for evaluating soil ecological status. Sandy soils in the south of West Siberia often have increased permissible concentrations of Zn due to specific regional geochemistry, rather than soil contamination. The latter can be more accurately detected by relative content of labile forms of chemical elements in soil.

Myadelets M.A., Siromlya T.I., Syso A.I.
THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF CHELIDONIUM MAJUS L. URBAN ECOSYSTEMS (FOR EXAMPLE, NOVOSIBIRSK AND ISKITIM) ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Researched and evaluated for hygienic and biogeochemical criteria content of 30 macro- and micronutrients in soils and plants Chelidonium majus L. (aerial organs, roots) anthropogenically modified areas. Excess of chemical elements, normalized by GN and SanPiN, not detected. The calculated coefficients of biological accumulation, and root barrier. A comparison with literature data and elemental composition of pharmaceutical raw materials. The content of chemical elements (CE) in the studied soil samples corresponds to the background quantities in the soils of the South of Western Siberia. The excess of the tentative allowable concentrations of total content of CE of the MT 2.1.7.2511-09 and maximum permissible concentrations of their mobile forms of the MT 2.1.7.2041-06 not found. In the soils of city Iskitim statistically significantly higher total contents of B, Ca, Si, P, Sr, Zn, but lower — Na; also detected elevated concentrations of mobile forms of Ca and Sr, which is the reason for the decrease in the mobility of the group of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, etc. In the aerial part Ch. majus statistically significant difference in the content of CE is absent. Probably, the content of CE in plants Chelidonium majus L. has a greater impact relative constancy of the elemental composition of the species. Content of heavy metals in the samples of vegetable raw materials (see table) not exceed the maximum permissible values, normalized by SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01. All the studied plant material complies with the standards of the State Pharmacopoeia by the total ash and ash insoluble in 10 % HCl. When compared with the percent abundance values in plants the land, in the samples there is a high concentration of Al, Cd, Co, Ga, K, Pb, Sr, and low — Cr, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn, Zr. However, the content of CE is the same as that in the samples of plants Ch. majus from the European part of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Samples of pharmaceutical raw materials Ch. majus differ in content Co, La, Cr, Ni, Mn and Zn. Our results confirmed Cu and Zn concentration in aboveground part of Ch. majus. High values of the coefficient of biological absorption observed for K, P, B, Mg, Ca, Sr and Cd. The ratio of the root barrier is less than unity for B, Ca, K, La, P, the maximum values are typical for Al, Cr, Fe, Na, Ti (highly variable).

Siromlya T.I, Zagurskaya Yu.V., Bayandina I.I.
THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE EXTRACTS FROM THE HERB HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. GROWN IN THE REGIONS WITH HIGH TECHNOGENIC LOAD ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Cd content in Hypericum perforatum raw materials often exceeds the maximum allowable concentrations, as this species is the hub of cadmium. However, the degree of extraction of Cd does not exceed 23 % in decoctions, and 5 % — in tincture of the total content in the raw material. High isplacement of Pb and Ni and very low — Fe and Sr was detected. The content of almost all the chemical elements in the tincture was lower than in the decoction. Plants of Hypericum perforatum L. were grown seedling method of genetically homogeneous material in the three regions of the south of Western Siberia, distinguished by the level of anthropogenic contamination. The total content of chemical elements was determined in pharmaceutical raw materials, water decoctions (raw materials: distilled water — 1: 20) and alcoholic tinctures (raw material: 40 % ethanol — 1: 10) by atomic emission and atomic absorption analysis. Total ash content (3.75–4.87 %) and the amount of insoluble residue (0.31 and 0.73 %) complied with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XI and was lower than in the studied pharmaceutical raw materials — 5.60 and 1.15 %, respectively. In the H. perforatum grown under a anthropogenic condition, both potassium (5 910–10 690 mg/kg) and lead (0.3–0.4) concentrations were significantly lower than that of the pharmaceutical raw materials (18 662 and 1.4 respectively). In contrast, the nickel (2.6–5.0), manganese (94–114), zinc (49–60) concentrations was increased significantly than that of the pharmaceutical raw materials (0.7, 17 и 22 respectively). Total content of Сd in H. perforatum plants from three regions ranged from 0.42 to 1.64 mg/kg, the mean values are generally greater than the maximum permissible concentration established Sanitary rules and Norms 2.3.2.1078-01 for herbal dietary supplements. Cadmium content in H. perforatum raw materials often exceeds the maximum allowable concentrations, as this species is the hyperaccumulator of cadmium. However, the degree of extraction of Cd in decoctions does not exceed 23 % in tincture — 5 % of the total content in the raw material. Very low isplacement was identified for iron and strontium, high — for nickel аnd lead, potassium has a maximum isplacement. Almost all the chemical elements in plants of Western Siberia move to water extraction on average 1.3–3.4 times (Cd — 4–5, Sr — 7–8) higher than in water-alcohol extract. The degree of extraction of chemical elements from raw materials harvested in different regions of Western Siberia is significantly different. For plants grown in industrially polluted regions showed a trend towards an increase in the content of readily available forms of chemical elements.