Efremov I.V., Gorshenina E.L., Solopova V.A., Rakhimova N.N., Ryabykh E.I., Chernova O.N.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT AND RISK MIGRATION ABILITY OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND VEGETATION COMPONENT SYSTEMS ^{[№ 13 ' 2015]}
In this paper, when considering the transport processes and substances such as heavy metals in the components of soil-plant systems assumed that this process is probabilistic in nature. The second assumption we adopted the current status of the independence of the system components from its previous state. This allowed us to consider the soil-plant system as a Markov chain with a finite number of states. The probabilities of a state determines the intensity of transitions substances system components. On the basis of the constructed mathematical models to calculate the risk of contamination of the soil, aboveground and root systems of plants with heavy metals. The risk of contamination of components of soil-plant system shows the likelihood that heavy metals accumulate in the soil, the root system and aboveground plant parts. The intensity of transition shows the magnitude and direction of transport of substances (heavy metal) the components of the system. Integral indicators characterize the overall distribution of heavy metals in the soil-plant-specific system. The differential indicator shows the distribution of one or the other metal in the soil-plant system.

Rakhimova N.N., Efremov I.V., Gorshenina E.L.
THE MIGRATION ABILITY OF THE RADIONUCLIDES CS-137 AND SR-90 IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
The main real source of radioactive contamination of the soil-vegetation complex are the global radioactive fallout from the atmosphere long-lived radionuclides from nuclear tests, as well as air emissions of radionuclides associated with the work of the enterprises of the nuclear fuel cycle. As a result of the fallout radionuclides deposited on ground surface, accumulate in the soil, are included in biogeochemical cycles of migration and become new components of the soil. The soil is an important inertial element, the speed of migration of radionuclides in the soil, depend largely on the pace of their distribution throughout the chain. As a result of movement in the soil and subsequent root uptake of the radionuclides enter plant parts representing the food or feed value. The study of radionuclide migration in soil profile is one of the important approaches to the study of anthropogenic influence on the vegetation. Radionuclide migration through the soil profile occurs due to the displacement of soil particles in sost which they belong, due to the movement of soil moisture containing soluble and colloidal form, as well as the processes of adsorption and desorption. This article is devoted to the study of migration ability of radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in soil profile in different types of soils of the Orenburg region. Evaluation method of intensity of migration of radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the profile of Chernozem and dark chestnut soils using regression equations and values λ, which is constant and depends on soil type. Built the regression equations allow us to estimate the intensity of migration of radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in soil profile. On the territory of the Orenburg region there are several potential sources of environmental pollution with radionuclides: the epicenter of a nuclear explosion Totsky military exercises, a trace of a radioactive cloud that spread after the explosion. The greatest intensity of migration of Cs-137 on a soil profile is observed at the soils easy on particle size distribution (the dark-chestnut soil), in the soil of chernozems (ordinary, typical, southern), for mineral soils (the chernozem the southern not full-developed shchebnevaty) smaller intensity is characteristic. Intensity of migration of Sr-90 in the soil of the chernozem of the southern not full-developed shchebnevaty is rather low, the greatest intensity of migration of Sr-90 on a soil profile is observed at soils of the chernozem ordinary and southern.

Efremov I.V., Gorshenina E.L., Rakhimova N.N., Hismatullin Sh.Sh.
MIGRATION OF MOBILE FORMS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OF ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Of particular importance is the profile migration of pollutants, which is most intense flows in spring, autumn and summer with the loss of a large amount of rainfall, when there are intense downdrafts soil moisture. The migration of heavy metals limit their deposition processes on geochemical barriers. The study of the profile of migration and accumulation of heavy metals showed that the metals have varying behavior of soils, there is a change in the profile of their contents. The article deals with the dynamics of the distribution of mobile forms of heavy metals in different soils of the Orenburg region, the results of determination of pH in these soils. A method for evaluating the intensity of migration of heavy metals in the profile of chernozem and dark chestnut soils built using regression equations and values of α, which is a constant and depends on the type of soil and the chemical element. It was revealed that the profile of the southern black earth is an increase in the concentration of heavy metals such as lead, nickel, chromium, copper, cadmium, cobalt, zinc and manganese. For chernozem incompletely rubbly decrease the concentration profile of elements such as lead, nickel, copper and cobalt. Dark brown soil: is an increase in the concentration of lead in the soil profile and the reduction of zinc in the profile. For a typical black soil on the profile decreases the concentration of zinc. For ordinary chernozem a decrease in the concentration of manganese in the soil profile.

Savchenkova E.E., Solopova V.A., Rahimova N.N.
THE SLOWED-DOWN FLUORESCENCE AS THE METHOD OF RESEARCH OF CHANGE OF AGROCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF THE SOIL COVER AT HEAT TREATMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF ORENBURG OBLAST) ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
On the basis of a pilot study the method of research of change of agrochemical indicators of a soil cover of the Steppe zone of Orenburg Oblast at its heat treatment is offered. Sampling of soils when carrying out experiments was carried out by an envelope method on different profiles of the horizons, tests of soils were exposed to heat treatment at temperatures from 200 to 800 °C within 30 min. and were analyzed on installation for registration of the slowed-down fluorescence. Experimental groups of soils were also exposed to the chemical analysis on the maintenance of the main agrochemical indicators. The made experiments showed that for all studied types of soils irrespective of the modes of temperature influence the exponential law of attenuation of fluorescence is carried out, but all types of soils are various on an indicator of intensity of a luminescence and coefficient of attenuation. The soil which is thermally processed in the range from 400 to 600 °C is characterized by the raised maintenance of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and it рН increases with temperature increase. In work the algorithm of technology of restoration of fertility of the soil at introduction of the calcinated soil as fertilizer is presented, taking into account рН and the maintenance of nutritious elements in it on the basis of which it is possible to carry out melioration and recultivation of the soils broken as a result of an industrial erosion.

Sergeyev V.S., Isaev R.F., Polyakova G.N., Radtseva O.V., Rakhimov G.M.
THE APPLICATION OF THE ANTISTRESS PREPARATIONS ON THE SPRING WHEAT CROPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF INCREASE OF RESISTANCE TO PHYTOPATOGENES AND YIELD PRODUCTIVITY OF CULTURE. ^{[№ 12 ' 2011]}
The effect of the biological preparations of OOO NVP "BashInkom" on the growth dynamics, root putrefaction resistance and crop of spring wheat "Omskaye-36" was analysed. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory and yield conditions.

Efremov I.V., Rakhimov N.N., Yanchuk E.L.
PECULIARITIES OF RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDE MIGRATION OF CAESIUM-137 AND STRONTIUM-90 IN THE SYSTEM SOIL-PLANT ^{[№ 12 ' 2005]}
This article is devoted to the studying of radioactive nuclide Cs-137 and Sr-90 migration in soil-plant complexes of Orenburg region. Line dependence between radioactive nuclides concentration in soil and plants is got on the base of mathematical modeling method. Equation of regression, allowing to appreciate intensity of radioactive nuclide migration by soil description are constructed here. Correlated analysis between physical-chemical characteristics of the soil and radioactive nuclide of caesium-137 and strontium-90 contents in the soil description is made in this article too. Analytical dependences allowing to calculate radioactive nuclide contents in plants depending to their concentration in soil and physical-chemical soil characteristics are get here on the base of method using of group argument accounting.

Efremov I.V., Rahimova N.N., Efremova E.G., Savchenkova E.E., Gafarova K.Y.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDE MIGRATION IN SOIL – VEGETATIVE COMPLEXES OF ORENBURZHYE ^{[№ 9 ' 2005]}
Research of migration of elements on a soil structure is one of the important approaches to studying of anthropogenous influence on vegetation. Radioactive nuclide migration on a ground structure occurs due to moving of soil particles, which form its structure, due to movement of the soil moisture, containing soluble and colloidal their forms. Sorption of heavy metals is carried out due to two processes fast – exchange and slow not exchange.