Polyakov A. N.
FEATURES OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATION ^{[№ 12 ' 2016]}
The article is dedicated to a very important, interesting and relevant topic. In domestic science she is one of the main and at the same time the most controversial. The solution to the problem of the General and special in the history of ancient societies are extremely important not only scientifically, but also, we can say, in the national plan. From the solution of this question depends on the understanding of the whole historical path of Russia's development. The article is written in the framework of the concept offered by the author, according to which the Ancient Rus is the first stage in the development of Russian civilization. The cradle of Russian civilization — Kiev. Here for the first time develop a new form of life characteristic of Ancient Russia, formed the elite of the old Russian culture. The princes of Kiev established a large state, comparable to the power of Charles the Great or the Empire of the Romans. The type of the Kievan Rus ' refers to the policy of civilization. This is evidenced by both written (letters Patent of Izyaslav mstislavovitch Panteleymonova monastery) and archaeological sources (especially material culture). Ancient civilization had a number of common features inherent in any policy of civilization is the Supreme property of the city land, the village as the basic economic cell, the presence of the Assembly of citizens, patriotism, freedom and mutual aid as the basic values. Feature of Kievan Rus ' was the combination of high horizontal and low vertical mobility, and a high proportion of joint land ownership, the combination of a monarchy with direct democracy, nation-building on the model of the tribe, the combination of Church organization with massive pagan consciousness and customs, broad sexual freedom.

Polyakov V.Yu., Revutskaya I.L.
THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF THE UPPER DIAGNOSTIC HORIZONS OF URBAN ANTHROPOGENIC SOILS OF BIROBIDZHAN ^{[№ 1 ' 2016]}
The influence of urbanization processes on enzymatic activity of anthropogenic modified soils to date is insufficiently studied problem. Objective: to investigate the enzymatic activity of the upper diagnostic horizons U urbik, AYur, RAT urban anthropogenic soils of Birobidzhan. It is shown that the activity of such enzymes as: catalase, invertase, urease, phosphatase decreases in the next row diagnostic top soil horizons: culturozem — recreazem — replantazem — konstruktzem — urbanozem. To the established features of urban anthropogenic soils of Birobidzhan include: alkalinity, soils are neutral and slightly alkaline (pH from 6.6 to 7.4), compared to natural, relatively unmodified, brown forest weakly acidic (pH 5.5–6.5) and soddy-alluvial acidic (pH 4.0–5.5) soil of the city, low cation exchange capacity less than 15 mmol/100 g soil, low humus content less than 4 %, small and moderate power diagnostic horizons. The enzymatic activity of the upper diagnostic horizons based on the catalase, invertase, urease, phosphatase characterized as low, and the degree of enrichment of poor soil enzymes. Lowest set the activity of enzymes in diagnostic upper horizon of urbik U urbanozem: catalase — (1.0 ± 0.1) ml O₂/min/1 g soil, invertase — (1.8 ± 0.2) mg glucose/1 g of soil for 24 hours, urease — (2.0 ± 0.2) mg NH₃/10 g of soil for 24 hours, phosphatase — (0.5 ± 0.1) mg P₂O₅ /100 g of soil for 1 hour. The most established activity of enzymes in diagnostic upper horizon of AYur culturozem: catalase — (2.8 ± 0.3) ml O₂/min/1 g of soil, invertase — (8.2 ± 0.7) mg glucose/1 g of soil for 24 hours, urease — (4.2 ± 0.4) mg NH₃/10 g of soil for 24 hours, phosphatase — (1.3 ± 0.2) mg P₂O₅ /100 g of soil for 1 hour. The main conclusion: the enzymatic activity of the upper diagnostic horizons U urbik, AYur, RAT urban anthropogenic soils of Birobidzhan on the catalase, invertase, urease, phosphatase can be characterized as low and the degree of enrichment of poor soil enzymes.

Vasilyeva T.N., Nesterenko Yu.M., Polyakov D.G., Halin A.V.
ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND PRODUCTIVITY PHYTOCENOSIS CENTRAL ORENBURZHYE ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
South Ural is one of the anthropogenic changes in Russia. The presence of water in the soil is one of the most important conditions for chemical, biological, physical and chemical processes. Geomorphological heterogeneity of the steppes is the determining factor of their biodiversity. The main reason is the redistribution of moisture in relief. Findings of the soil moisture of the Orenburg region are the result of field research conducted during 2014 and which included a route survey of soils in areas with sampling cloyam of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 30–40 cm and 40–50 cm. edaphic factors are all parts of a typical ecological series. A prerequisite biogeotsenologicheskih research is to describe the floristic composition of the studied areas. To do this, they collected samples of herbaceous plant species and analyzed the frequency of species, the relative density of the population in all 23 areas of the Orenburg region. During the study identified about 250 species of plants belonging to 36 families. We studied the productivity of plant communities. To find that the species belonging to different groups of plants is reflected in the distribution of phytomass between them. Throughout the growing season examined the number of litter meadow. During the growing season increases the mass of litter meadow, and the proportion of basic grains, the end of the vegetative mass of accumulated litter meadow max. All fields of the dominant benchmark sites are perennials (90.2 %). Structure and productivity of grasslands depends on environmental factors and on fenosostoyaniya plants. The basis of the eluvial grass area is a group of plants xerophilous environmental series, ie, xerophytes, xeromesophyte: Festъcavalesiбca (fescue), Agropyroncristatum (crested wheatgrass), Stipacapillata (feather hair-worm), Artemнsiaabsнnthium (wormwood). It should be noted that some types of ubiquitous, i. e. in at superaqual and ellyuvialnyh areas, so for example Artemнsiaabsнnthium (wormwood), Phleumphleoides (steppe timothy), Brōmusinērmis (brome), Festucapratensis (meadow fescue).The study revealed the influence of relief on soil moisture elementary landscapes. Soils superaqual (floodplain) and accumulative-eluvial landscapes (lowland) moistened better than the eluvial (hills and slopes) or urbanozem. Accordingly, higher productivity and biodiversity superaqual (floodplain) than eluvial landscapes.

Polyakova I.L., Ermakova Zh.A.
STANDARDIZATION IN REGIONAL HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: TRENDS, MILESTONES DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION ^{[№ 8 ' 2015]}
The dynamic development of the tourism industry in the Russian Federation puts the state and entrepreneurs a variety of tasks, one of which serves to provide high quality services for tourists, matching tourism products and services expectations. Especially important it is to solve these problems for the development of tourism as a priority species of domestic and inbound tourism. However, in the framework of program-oriented planning of the regional hospitality industry insufficiently elaborated tools such as the quality of tourist product standardization, c. rtification and categorization. The article specifies the direction of developing a set of regional standards for the hospitality industry, depending on the stages of the life cycle of a tourist destination. Studied approaches to the application of the categorization of accommodation facilities in different countries. The main stages of development and implementation of standard comfortable tourist accommodation. The benefits of standardization and categorization of accommodation are to increase the competitiveness of hotels and other accommodation; promotion of tourism by strengthening consumer confidence; It will strengthen the reputation and creating a positive image of tourist destinations and others.

Polyakov A.N.
COMMUNISM AND CIVILIZATION: IDEA AND EMBODIMENT OF THE DREAM ABOUT EARTHY PARADISE ^{[№ 7 ' 2015]}
The article is devoted to the human's dream about liberation from Labour, which was embodies in the idea of building the communism, and in practice — in the appearance of civilization. Having analysed this, the author comes to the conclusion that in the end both points lead to the ruin of mankind.

Polyakov A.N.
PRINCE IGOR CAMPAIGN AGAINST CUMANS IN 1185 (ROUTE, CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS) ^{[№ 9 ' 2014]}
The article deals with the problem of historical and history-geographical study of the campaign of Novgorod-Seversk Prince Igor Svyatoslavich against cumans. The issues (route, and campaign calendar) are based on the previous study of the most reliable data given chronicles. A special attention is given to the correlation of two chronical stories — Ipatyev and Lavrentyev chronicles, as they are ones which contain the main information about the campaign.

Polyakov A.N.
FROM THE BEGINNING OF "RUSSIAN IDEA" OF THE XIX CENTURY PHILOSOPHERS TO AUTHOR'S INTERPRETATION OF A CONCEPT ^{[№ 7 ' 2014]}
The article is devoted to the problem of the rise of "Russian Idea". On the basis of analyzing famous thinkers' works of the XIX century, the author of the article gives his vision of its solution. The origin of "Russian Idea" is considered in the light of the argumentation between "zapadniks" and "slavophiles".

Polyakova I.L.
FEATURES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST-RECREATIONAL COMPLEX IN ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 4 ' 2014]}
Identified promising areas for the formation of the Orenburg region on the basis of their tourist and recreational complexes. Formulated features and conditions of the formation and development of tourist and recreational facilities in the area.

Sizova Е.А., Polyakova V.S.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTENSITY OF REACTION PERLS IN THE TARGET ORGAN IN RATS WHEN ADMINISTERED IRON NANOPARTICLES ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The results of studies of the effect of iron nanoparticles on the intensity of display quality response to iron in the spleen and liver in the intramuscular route of administration of the body. The intensity of the reaction in the organs is dose-dependent. In the liver, marked individual hepatocytes and Kupffer cells giving a positive reaction and activation work. In the spleen, only at a dose of 6 mg/kg macrophages give a positive reaction, while increasing the dose to 14 mg/kg reduced the number of cells having positive Perls, indicating deployment kompensatono-adaptation reactions aimed at preventing the organ hemosiderosis.

Polyakov A. N.
ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF KIEVAN RUS ^{[№ 9 ' 2013]}
The article deals with the problem of the administrative structure of Kievan Rus. Basing on written and archaeological sources the author offers his vision of its solution. The administrative structure of Rus is viewed through the prism of the development of civilization. The main idea is that Rusland was organized in forms usual for the population of Eastern Europe repeating the unit of tribe.

Polyakova I.L.
IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS OF REGIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TARGETS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ^{[№ 8 ' 2013]}
An analysis of federal and regional programs for tourism development in the Russian Federation. Identified the mechanisms and instruments of development of tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District.

Polyakova I.L.
MECHANISMS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL COMPLEX ^{[№ 13 ' 2012]}
The aims and objectives of the development of domestic tourism in the Russian Federation, the mechanism of the formation and operation of tourist and recreational facilities on the basis of the analysis of the federal and regional programs for tourism development. Identified promising for the integrated development of tourist and recreational areas of the Orenburg region.

Polyakova E.Yu., Baranchikova I.V.
THE EXPERIENCE OF ALLOPLANT BIOMATERIAL USAGE IN THE TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL ATROPHY OF OPTIC NERVES (CLINICAL CASE) ^{[№ 12 ' 2012]}
During two years there was examined the dynamics of visual functions changes of a child suffering from congenital atrophy of optic nerves, operated on with the use of alloplant biomaterial. There was presented data about correlation of the parameters of the visual evoked potentials on flash and visual behavior of the child.

Polyakova I.L.
PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL COMPLEX OF THE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 8 ' 2012]}
The structure of a tourist and recreational complex of the Orenburg region is considered, tourist and recreational zones of the Orenburg region and prospect of their development are allocated. Principles of formation of tourist and recreational complexes are defined.

Kopylov V.A., Nikitenko I.E., Mihanov V.A., Polyakova V.S., Abzeneleva R.A.
USING THE "VINFAR" ON THE BASIS OF FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR FOR DERMAL AUTOPLASTY ^{[№ 6 ' 2012]}
Open fractures are often accompanied by defects of the soft tissues. One way to treat it is autodermoplasty. The frequency of graft rejection after autodermoplasty remains high. We have new drug named "Vinfar" on the basis of human fibroblast growth factor. As a result of experimental work provided evidence that use of this drug in autodermoplasty significantly accelerates the adhesion of the graft, decreasing incidence of graft rejection and improving reparative processes in the wound area.