Mjachina K.V.
THE CHOICE OF ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SAFETY INDICATORS WITHIN THE STEPPE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION TERRITORIES ^{[№ 12 ' 2017]}
There are many methodological approaches to the analysis of the relationship between economic growth of the territory and its impact on the environment. The proposed concepts, as a rule, are based on the assumption that the industry provides socio-economic benefits for the region and beyond, contributing to the improvement of the ecological situation. Some authors argue that the improvement of the ecological situation only occurs up to a certain point after which environmental damage begins to grow again amid the ongoing economic growth. As a rule, each writing team offers to analyze your own system of indicators called sustainable development indicators that characterize the dynamics of the state of economic, social and environmental spheres of the territory. For each case a system of indicators requires adaptation and adjustment, with the features of the main species of land use. The article proposes a set of indicators reflecting the relationship between economic, environmental and social components of the integrated development of oil and gas producing territories of the steppe zone of Orenburg region. The system of indicators formed on the basis of the analysis of the situation in the three municipalities, where the dominant component of economic is the extraction of oil and gas. The indicators are divided into three groups, reflecting the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainable development. The system of indicators adapted and adjusted to the local characteristics of the study area and aims to objectively reflect the relationship and dynamics aspects of the administrative units development. Also taken into account such a limiting factor as the availability of the necessary statistical data.

Pavleychik V.M., Mjachina K.V.
FEATURES OF SURFACE THERMAL REGIME AFTER STEPPE FIRES BASED ON LANDSAT IMAGES ^{[№ 4 ' 2016]}
Fires are an integral events of the steppe regions. At the same time, a lot of diverse geo-systemic consequences of grass fires still are not studied. Such studies are especially relevant in the conditions of fire events revitalization that observed in the last 15—20 years. The analysis of microclimatic characteristics steppe ecosystems exposed to fires and are in the process of restoration succession is proposed in the article. The main estimated parameter is the surface temperature; its data obtained as a result of "thermal" Landsat bands satellite imagery interpretation. To get any information about the peculiarities of the temperature regime for the burnt areas and the duration of the recovery processes used a series of satellite images that covering the period before and after fires of 2009 and 2014 that was happened in the key area between the Ural and Ilek rivers. Our results that obtained on the basis of post-fire satellite images show the temperature differences usually do not more than 4  °C in the adjacent (burnt and not burnt) areas in the warm seasons of the year and have been declining by the end of the second vegetation year. In addition, it found that the increased thermal background of burnt areas (especially late-autumn fires) in combination with the lack of dense vegetation leads to a drastic reduction in capacity and duration of snow cover, and, respectively, leads to the deterioration of spring moisture conditions. Analysis of the landscape and the territory of habitat structure revealed the main factor determining the duration of recovery processes is a constant high hydration. The proposed studies show the thermal regime of the Earth's surface is one of the indicators that might use as the basis to formulate indirect conclusions about the condition and dynamics of vegetation.

Kalmykova O.G., Mjachina K.V., Velmovskyi P.V.
ON VEGETATION COVER IN THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF POINT OBJECTS OF OIL AND GAS (FOR EXAMPLE, ORENBURG REGION) ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
This article provides information about the composition and structure of vegetation from operating, liquidated and explored oil and gas production facilities, located in various parts of the Orenburg region. Total surveyed 19 point objects of oil and gas located in Orenburg, Perevolotskyi, Novosergievskyi, Akbulakskyi,Grachevskyidistricts of Orenburg region. It was noted the general character of vegetation, its structure, extent and causes of violations. Particular attention was paid to the protected species of the Red Book of Russia and the Orenburg region. It is found that the projected wells, and other oil and gas production facilities at the surveyed area often located on an already damaged before (as in the oil and gas production, and as a result of agricultural use) sites. Related to this is a small number of rare plant species found in the surrounding areas. It is shown that vegetation cover of the objects of study is represented by fields of crops with weedy plants, deposits in the initial stages and pastures with a strong degree of pastoral digression, sometimes damaged by the impact of the pyrogenic factor. It is noted that the composition of the vegetation at the sites of oil and gas is largely dependent on the zonal and subzonal provisions of the study area, as well as its environment (especially edaphic) features, but the general character of vegetation and forms of influence on it have similarities in all the studied areas.