Podtynnykh E.V., Basinskaya L.A., Komarovskikh E.N.
MODERN IDEALS ABOUT ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF KERATOCONUS (REVIEW) ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
The article presents modern views on etiology and pathogenesis of keratoconus, reflecting the major theories explaining its origins and factors contributing to its emergence. As a chronic, often a hereditary condition typically affects both eyes patients keratoconus had acquired particular relevance during the last few decades. Corneal dystrophy problem causing its thinning and deformation, type of cone exaggeration and dimness in the optical area, is of great social significance in southern Russia because of disability able-bodied young people. The article provides information on contemporary methods of diagnosis of keratoconus, allowing todiagnose the disease at an early stage and early initiation of treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Are the basic theory of the evolution of keratoconus: genetic, endocrine, exchange (due to a change in the exchange of enzymes in the cornea), immunologic, allergic and some others, which confirms the many reasons of this disease. The article mentions this risk factor of keratoconus, how race and ethnicity of the patients. Reliably more often keratoconus evolves among residents of southern and mountainous regions, representatives of the Asian race, Muslims as well as such ancient nationalities, Armenians and Jews. This is due to the long isolated living ethnic groups, and, as a consequence, a high level of closely related links. Early diagnosis of keratoconus is of great value for the timely appointment and stabilizing treatment of keratoconus in preclinical or early stage of the disease. Detection of keratoconus in the preclinical stage determines the safety of surgery for cornea, which has been actively developing in our country.