Bogoutdinov D.Z., Kastalyeva T.B., Girsova N.V.
VIRAL DISEASES OF CEREAL CROPS IN SAMARA REGION ^{[№ 4 ' 2017]}
Lately, the spread of viral diseases on cereals has increased in Samara oblast. Lack of opportunities for farmers to use the diagnostic tools or express-methods (test strips) as well as of trained personnel with knowledge of the most common pathogens of viral diseases complicates diagnosis and application of adequate measures for prevention of the diseases. There are mainly 8 diseases of cereal crops causing by viral infections in the European Russia, including Samara region. Seven of the nine viruses described in the article have been identified in Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, using, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. They are most common and harmful. Russian winter wheat mosaic disease is caused by Winter wheat Russian mosaic cytorhabdovirus. Epidemiology is determined by the reservation of the virus in perennial plants and leafhoppers-vectors: Psammotettix striatus L. and Macrosteles laevis Rib. Stripe mosaic wheat disease caused by Wheat streak mosaic virus. Epidemiology defines by mite-vectors: Aceria tritici Schev., and Aceria tosichella Kiefer. Stripe mosaic barley disease caused by Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus. Epidemiology defines by transmission via seeds, mainly in barley and wheat. Brome mosaic disease is caused by Brome mosic virus. Epidemiology is determined by contact transmission through insects, mites and nematodes. Soil-borne wheat mosaic disease and spindle-streak wheat mosaic disease: causal agents are Soil-borne wheat mosaic furovirus and Wheat streak mosaic bymovirus. Epidemiology depends on plasmodiophorida Polymyxa graminis Ledingham. Barley yellow dwarf disease is caused by two viruses: Barley yellow dwarf virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus. Epidemiology is defined by transfer with aphids, such as Rhopalosiphum padi L., Sitobium avenae Fabricius, Shizaphis graminum Rondani, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch., and others. Pseudorosette disease (zakuklivanie) of cereals is caused by Oat pseudorosette virus and unidentified phytoplasma. Epidemiology is determined by reservoir-plants of the family Poaceae and leafhopper vector Laodelphax striatellus Fall. To prevent the spread of viral diseases of cereals, it is advisable to use the integrated methods of plant protection.