Miroshnichenko I.V., Lutsay E.D., Klimushkin A.V., Volodin A.V., Kalinina E.A., Boev V.A.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ORGANIZATION FOR THE FORMATION OF CANCER ALERTNESS AMONG MEDICAL WORKERS ^{[№ 3 ' 2019]}
Annual and steady increase of the population oncological morbidity is observed. In particular, for the population of the Orenburg region, the issues of malignant neoplasms early diagnosis are very relevant. In 2018, the growth rate was 4,4 %, compared with 2016. The detection rate of malignant neoplasms during preventive medical examinations amounted to 41,0 %. This indicator is higher than the Russian average. Among the number of actively detected malignant neoplasms, on the average, more than 60 % in the region was detected at the stage I — II of the disease, but there were areas where this indicator is less than 40,0 %.
The Institute of Professional Education of the Orenburg State Medical University developed the pilot project on inclusion of all categories of medical workers of the Orenburg region state medical organizations in the continuing medical education system to update knowledge on cancer alertness.
During the pilot project, we tested primary healthcare workers: therapists, general practitioners, obstetricians-gynecologists of women’s consultations. Initial level of knowledge and choice of the most preferred professional development course from the proposed ones were defined. Additional professional programs developed by the professorial and teaching staff of the University together with leading experts of the Ministry of Health of the region had the required components: distance learning, availability of simulation training. At the end of the courses, medical workers expressed general opinion about the need for such form of education organization. It allowed them to increase the level of professional competencies without leaving their workplaces. For medical workers, an important motivation factor for choosing an education trajectory became the results of the knowledge screening on cancer alertness issues.

Mikhaylova N.R., Kalinin T.N., Leggings E.I., Tuchkov D.Yu., Meshcheryakov V.G., Korneev A.G.
RARE OPPORTUNISTIC DISEASES AT HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS: ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS ^{[№ 3 ' 2015]}
Recently at HIV-positive patients with the expressed manifestations of an immunodeficiency in the Orenburg region the secondary diseases which are found earlier in rare instances, including atypical микобактериоз began to be registered. Mikobakterioz is among opportunistic infections which develop at HIV-positive people at late stages of a disease and can be indicators of a deep immunosupressiya, that is is the HIV-associated pathology. Often микобактериоз coincides on a clinical, laboratory, radiological picture with other opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis, a tsitomegalovirusny infection, limfoproliferativny defeats that causes the necessity of carrying out differential diagnostics with these diseases. The main diagnostic criterion of not tubercular mikobakterioz is allocation and identification of mikobakteriya which is carried out in establishments of a ftiziatrichesky profile and causes difficulties of diagnostics in other medical institutions. The clinical case illustrating features of a current and complexity of diagnostics of not tubercular mikobakterioz at the patient with HIV infection at a stage of secondary diseases with a deep immunosupressiya is presented. The symptoms, laboratory indicators testifying to need of carrying out diagnostic search for verification of an atypical mikobakterioz at HIV-positive patients are allocated.

Mikhailov N.R., Kalinina T.N., Tuchkov D.Y., Losin E.I., Abakumov G.G.
TOXOPLASMOSIS OF THE BRAIN OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN ORENBURG ^{[№ 1 ' 2015]}
Toxoplasmosis of the brain is one of the leading opportunistic infection in patients with HIV infection, it takes third place in the structure of deaths in patients with AIDS. Deaths in toxoplasmosis is a profound immunosuppression due to severe, late diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV infection is very difficult due to the lack of pathognomonic clinical symptoms, low information content of results of routine laboratory studies. The analysis of the survey results 42 HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis treated in Orenburg regional infectious diseases hospital from 2009 to November 2014. The estimation of the frequency and severity of major clinical symptoms, results of the survey studied by PCR for the presence of toxoplasma DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid, determined by the frequency of detection of immunoglobulin G to Toxoplasma gondii in the blood, their importance for the verification of toxoplasmosis of the brain in patients with HIV infection. The main radiographic manifestations of cerebral toxoplasmosis. It was found that the risk group are HIV-infected patients with CD4 lymphocyte level of less than 100 cells in 1 l of serum. It is shown that in most cases of toxoplasmosis combined with other opportunistic infections, so that all patients have been identified candidiasis of the oral mucosa. A clinical case illustrates typical for toxoplasmosis of the brain in HIV-infected patients with severe immune deficiency. Timely diagnosis, adequate treatment started with the accession of subsequent antiretroviral therapy has a positive effect.

Artemyevа E.A., Kalininа D.A., Makarov D.К.
MONITORING OF THE AVIFAUNA FOREST-STEPPE OF CENOSES VOLGA-URALS REGION ON THE EXAMPLE SPNA "SANDY LAKE" ^{[№ 3 ' 2014]}
During the field seasons of spring and summer of 2011–2013 conducted monitoring studies of the avifauna in PA "Sandy Lake" (Cherdaklinsky district of Ulyanovsk region). Faunal list was compiled, identified nesting and migrating species. For the first time in this area were found sharing a group settlement of three types of "yellow" wagtails — Motacilla flava, M. lutea, M. citreola). At present this is still the only known find of a joint settlement of the "yellow" wagtails in the Ulyanovsk region.

Mikhaylova N.R., Kalinina T.N., Vyulcin S.V., Michailovsky A.M.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DEATHS OF PATIENTS WITH HIV-INFECTION AT AIDS STAGE IN ORENBURG IN 2012 ^{[№ 1 ' 2014]}
Abstract: The article presents characteristics of deaths of HIV-infected patients in Orenburg in 2012. The main cause of death was tuberculosis, largely in generalized form. 5% of patients had pulmonary tuberculosis combined with pneumonia of other etiologies. Almost 40 % of patients were first registered already with severe immunosuppression, at the time of death a number of CD4 cells averaged 139,6+13,3 per 1 mcl of serum. There were cases of overdiagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in cases with cryptococcal infection. Complexity of diagnosis of cryptococcosis are demonstrated on the example of a medical case.

Мikhaylova N.R., Kalinina T.N., Vyulcin S.V., Аniceev А.А.
TUBERCULOSIS AS A CAUSE OF DEATH FOR PRISONERS WITH HIV IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES IN ORENBURG ^{[№ 12 ' 2013]}
In order to perform comparative analysis of cause of death for patients infected with HIV along with TB and for patients infected with TB only 38 clinical records of patients died in tuberculosis dispensaries in correctional facilities in Orenburg were reviewed. For patients with combined infection (HIV along with TB) the main cause of death was TB developed subsequent to marked immunosuppression, whereas the patients with TB only the main cause of death was pulmonary tuberculosis.

Kovalevskaya E.V., Kalinina T.N., Gilmutdinov R.G., Causeway N.A.
ON THE NEED FOR THE STUDY OF VIRAL HEPATITIS E IN NON-ENDEMIC REGION BY THE EXAMPLE ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 10 ' 2012]}
This article focuses on studying the problem of viral hepatitis E in the Orenburg region. A total of 1230 people, of which 874 are human donors and 356 migrants. It was established that 24,1% of surveyed workers had antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) — non-endemic for hepatitis B in the Orenburg region. Thus, these data indicate a high infection rates of foreign citizens arriving to the territory of the Orenburg region.

Bukharin O.V., Chainikova I.N., Smolyagin A.I., Valyshev A.V., Perunova N.B., Vlasova E.V., Kalinina T.N.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL BOWELS IMMUNITY AND MICROBIOCENOSE OF PATIENTS WITH SALMONELLOSIS INFECTION ^{[№ 5 (app.1) ' 2005]}
It was revealed that evident numerical and qualitative damages of microbiocenose condition of thick bowels of patients with salmonellosis are accompanied with synchronous change of local immunity characteristics in coprophiltrates and saliva.