Savin Е.Z., Isambetova Z.N., Isambetov N.Sh.
THE RESPONSES OF THE APPLE TREE ON CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS 54-118, 64-143 IN A YOUNG GARDEN UNDER HOT CONDITIONS IN STEPPE ZONE OF THE SOUTHERN URALS ^{[№ 12 ' 2016]}
Modern intensive industrial gardening is based on the early appearance of fruit dwarf rootstocks and highly adapted varieties of apple, bred in the growth zone. In the past century in the scientific institutions of the Urals and Siberia large-fruited, high winter resistant sorts of different ripening time. Also winter resistant clonals of the Apple Tree were produced which enables to lay the extensive gardens in a favorable microenvironment zone. The experiment was done in the flood plain of the Sakmara River on medium loams in arable horizon with a humus content of 4.0 %. The cuttings were used pertaining to semi-dwarf forms 54-118 and medium height 64-143 forms (selected by the Department of Horticulture, Michurin State Agrarian University, V.I. Budagovsky). The scheme of planting was 5 x 0.5 m, followed by grafting on the site. These annual plants obtained in the row were thinned leaving between plants of 2.5 meters. In the sixth year after vaccination tree height reached up to 3 meters, crown diameter, depending on the crown in the same range. The first fruiting was obtained at 3-4 year and commodity yield was achieved by 5-6 year. In the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118 the yield by the sixth year was 1.5-2 times higher than on the medium height forms 64-143. The greatest yield over years of fruiting was obtained on the sorts Bashkir Emerald, Amateur, Siyanets Titovka, Beauty Altai in volumes of up to 200-260 centner/ha. Experience shows that in extreme conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals in the gardens with the clonal rootstocks and the early appearance of fruit sorts adapted to the Urals and Siberia the industrial yield can be obtained at the 5-6th years after vaccination.