Zelentsov K.S., Ioileva E.E., Zelentsov S.N.
USE OF POLARIZING MIXTURE IN TREATMENT OF CLOSED EYE INJURY ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
Closed eye injury ranks second in frequency among all eye contusions. 40.7–46.5 % of patients have ophthalmoscopically visible changes ofretina. 0.5–23.7 % of patients suffer from traumatic optic neuropathy. Nowadays a wide variety of conservative methods of treatment of retina and ophthalmic nerve contusion changes is used. Nevertheless most of them are not efficient enough due to the fact that they don't produce an ethiopathogenetic effect. To study a neuroprotective effect of polarizing mixture (glucose-insulin-potassium) on retina and ophthalmic nerve neuron metabolism in case of eye injury, for 1–3 days after trauma there was examined functional status of retina and ophthalmic nerve of 20 patients with eyeball injury and transparent optical media. There were used objective methods: registration of general electroretinogram (ERG) and visually evoked potentials (VEP) by a diagnostic suite "Electroretinograph" (produced by MBN, Russia). Eye stimulation was held monocularly, with diffusive flashes of white light, flash energy was 0,3 J, frequence was 1 Hz. The acquired data was statistically analyzed. The research has found that according to the electroretinogram data one hour after injection of polarizing mixture wave "а" is registered to increase by 135 % and wave "b" — by 164 %. The amplitude of the wave P-100 VEP increases by 161 %. Thus, on the basis of the received data, we believe that using of polarizing mixture produces a neuroprotective effect on retina and ophthalmic nerve in case of closed eye injury.

Ioyleva E.E., Krivosheeva M.S.
FEATURES OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN FAMILIAL FORMS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
It is known that the risk of developing MS in the immediate family is 10-15 times higher than in the general population. According to the researchers, when the family form at the onset of the disease is dominated by visual, oculomotor and sensory disorders. With regard to visual impairment in familial forms of MS are no reliable confirmation of concordance. To study visual impairment in familial forms of MS. 2 families in which two relatives diagnosed MS cerebrospinal form. In both cases, the manifesto of multiple sclerosis began with visual impairment. Onset of the disease was accompanied by visual disturbances with a sharp decrease in central vision, and pain. In one family at the sister (43 years), optic neuritis was observed at the age of 21, with multiple recurrences at intervals of 1 to 3 years. She noted the growth of neurological symptoms, despite treatment. The progressive course of MS led to disability at 6 years after the onset of the disease. There was a pronounced neurological deficit, reduced visual function in connection with the development of optic nerve atrophy. Brother disease is diagnosed for the first time. Both have the same clinical manifestation in the form of visual impairment prior to the neurological clinic, had the same age range debut. Also confirmed is the same form of the disease — cerebrospinal. In FGBU "Eye Microsurgery Complex" named S.N. Fedorov over the past 5 years found 2 families with MS, which amounted to 2 % of all patients with visual impairment due to MS. Revealed concordance form of the disease, the age range and the first manifesto in the immediate family. When the family form PC optic neuritis preceded by neurological symptoms.

Tikhonovich M.V., Iojleva E.Je.
THE ROLE OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN RETINAL PHYSIOLOGY ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
In this review paper we discuss the role of endothelial vessels growth in normal retina physiology and in pathologies for different organism development stages. We consider various isoforms of the growth factores and the importance of these factors for correct development of the retinal vascular bed. We discuss the existence of VEGF and its receptors in different retinal cells under normal conditions. Much attention has been given to the role of VEGF in angiogenesis: its action on endothelial cells, vascular development in normal eyes and the formation of retinal and subretinal new vessels in ischemic conditions. The factors, that trigger the process of neoangiogenesis are considered in detail. There are interactions between the nervous and cardiovascular systems, that are carried out with the help of the vascular endothelial growth factor. These interactions are considered here. The neuroprotective properties of VEGF in the central nervous system in general and in the eye in particular, which are attracting much interest among the researchers in the last few years, as well as its action on ganglial cells, glial cells of the retina and photoreceptors are also mentioned in the review.

Ioyleva E.E., Krivosheeva M.S., Smirnova M.A.
THE RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH OPTIC NEURITIS AT THE ONSET OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS ^{[№ 12 ' 2014]}
Studied a set of diagnostic parameters in the two groups of patients with the first manifesto of optic neuritis at the onset of multiple sclerosis. 21 patients (42 eyes). Optic neuritis with ophthalmoscopically visible changes of the optic disk was combined with pronounced changes in OCT (no excavation, thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer), the gross violations of EFI and demyelinating lesions in the optic nerve. Thinning of the layer of retinal ganglion cells was observed in all patients, as it took place at the thickening of retinal nerve fiber layer, and under normal terms RNFL. The combination of focal lesions of the optic nerve and the presence of lesions in the brain substance increases the probability of a definite diagnosis of MS.

Ioileva E.E., Marchenkova T.E.
RESULTS FORECASTING OF NEUROTROPHIC THERAPY OF CHILDREN WITH OPTIC NERVE PATHOLOGY ^{[№ 13 ' 2004]}

Ioileva E.E., Yarovoy A.A., Zelentsov S.N., Semenov V.S., Duginov A.G.
TREATMENT OF PATIENT WITH PATHOLOGY OF OPTIC NERVE AND RETINA WITH USING OF NEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF ORBITAL IMPLANTS ^{[№ 13 ' 2004]}