Goryainova T.A.
TECHNOLOGY FORMATION PREDICTIVE SKILLS OF A FUTURE ENGINEER: THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICE ^{[№ 1 ' 2022]}
In modern engineering, predictive skills are in demand, which allow probabilistically determining the future development of processes and the behavior of production facilities. At the same time, pedagogical science and university practice do not present scientifically based forecasting oriented technologies that ensure this process in the conditions of engineering education.
The analysis of the content of the predictive skills of the future engineer proved the applicability to them of the general technology of step­by­step formation of mental actions of P.Ya. Galperin. V.V. Davydov, T.F. Talyzina, K.A. Abulkhanova­Slavskaya. At the same time, the general technology is limited by the scope of the school age. S.D. Smirnov and V.S. Lazarev revealed the specifics of implementation in the conditions of the university. The author has developed a step­by­step technology for the formation of predictive skills of a future engineer based on the adaptation of the general technology of forming mental actions. The author’s technology is applicable at the stage of mastering the indicative basis of activity of professional forecasting by future engineers. The adaptation of the well­known step­by­step technology to the conditions of engineering education is based on a meaningful and quantitative change in the implementation steps and forms of work with students. The content of the technology is determined by the creation of internal representations of actions (extrapolation, modeling and expertise) in solving a professional prognostic task. The technology consists of ten steps. The forms of work (group, team and individual) include joint actions of the teacher and students, starting with the search for the necessary resources and ending with the reflection of the results. The product of students’ activity is a prognostic map with visualization of the plan and the result of solving the problem.
In an experiment in groups of future engineers, the effectiveness of the author’s technology was confirmed. In the experimental group, in comparison with the control group, significantly higher values of indicators of flexibility, motivation, correctness, accuracy and stability of prognostic skills were demonstrated.

Goriainova T.A., Belonovskaya I.D.
RESEARCH OF PREDICTIVE ABILITIES OF FUTURE ENGINEERS BY A CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD ^{[№ 5 ' 2020]}
Engineering activity assumes the various abilities defining the forecast of behavior of a technical object, implementation of technology, future project. Structure and demanded predictive abilities of future engineer are investigated fragmentary that complicates process of their formation in the conditions of modern higher education institution. The method content of the analysis can become tools of a research. The prospect of use consists in receiving reliable data for creation of the corresponding content of programs of training of engineers in higher education institution. he content analysis for identification of structure of abilities of future engineers most often is guided by educational and professional standards. These texts act as the reliable materials characterizing requirements to qualification of the university graduate. Texts of the concept of engineering design on the basis of phasic life cycle of a product and a subject of dissertation researches on technical science can become addition to them. It is revealed that most often the mention of predictive activity meets in subjects of theses of scientific specialties “Construction” and “Mechanical engineering”. On the example of the industry “Construction” categories of a research of predictive abilities by a content analysis method — “forecast”, “model”, “assessment”, “resource”, “risk”, “development”, “plan”, “danger”, “prospect”, “consequences” are established. The demand of predictive abilities in engineering activity of future engineers is defined, their characteristic elements on the example of future builders are allocated: determination of prospects and a consequence of development of the project, assessment of resources for realization of future actions, modeling of representation of future objects and their behavior in time, risk assessment and dangers, planning of future actions in various production situations.