Efremov I.V., Gorshenina E.L., Solopova V.A., Rakhimova N.N., Ryabykh E.I., Chernova O.N.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT AND RISK MIGRATION ABILITY OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND VEGETATION COMPONENT SYSTEMS ^{[№ 13 ' 2015]}
In this paper, when considering the transport processes and substances such as heavy metals in the components of soil-plant systems assumed that this process is probabilistic in nature. The second assumption we adopted the current status of the independence of the system components from its previous state. This allowed us to consider the soil-plant system as a Markov chain with a finite number of states. The probabilities of a state determines the intensity of transitions substances system components. On the basis of the constructed mathematical models to calculate the risk of contamination of the soil, aboveground and root systems of plants with heavy metals. The risk of contamination of components of soil-plant system shows the likelihood that heavy metals accumulate in the soil, the root system and aboveground plant parts. The intensity of transition shows the magnitude and direction of transport of substances (heavy metal) the components of the system. Integral indicators characterize the overall distribution of heavy metals in the soil-plant-specific system. The differential indicator shows the distribution of one or the other metal in the soil-plant system.

Rakhimova N.N., Efremov I.V., Gorshenina E.L.
THE MIGRATION ABILITY OF THE RADIONUCLIDES CS-137 AND SR-90 IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
The main real source of radioactive contamination of the soil-vegetation complex are the global radioactive fallout from the atmosphere long-lived radionuclides from nuclear tests, as well as air emissions of radionuclides associated with the work of the enterprises of the nuclear fuel cycle. As a result of the fallout radionuclides deposited on ground surface, accumulate in the soil, are included in biogeochemical cycles of migration and become new components of the soil. The soil is an important inertial element, the speed of migration of radionuclides in the soil, depend largely on the pace of their distribution throughout the chain. As a result of movement in the soil and subsequent root uptake of the radionuclides enter plant parts representing the food or feed value. The study of radionuclide migration in soil profile is one of the important approaches to the study of anthropogenic influence on the vegetation. Radionuclide migration through the soil profile occurs due to the displacement of soil particles in sost which they belong, due to the movement of soil moisture containing soluble and colloidal form, as well as the processes of adsorption and desorption. This article is devoted to the study of migration ability of radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in soil profile in different types of soils of the Orenburg region. Evaluation method of intensity of migration of radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the profile of Chernozem and dark chestnut soils using regression equations and values λ, which is constant and depends on soil type. Built the regression equations allow us to estimate the intensity of migration of radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in soil profile. On the territory of the Orenburg region there are several potential sources of environmental pollution with radionuclides: the epicenter of a nuclear explosion Totsky military exercises, a trace of a radioactive cloud that spread after the explosion. The greatest intensity of migration of Cs-137 on a soil profile is observed at the soils easy on particle size distribution (the dark-chestnut soil), in the soil of chernozems (ordinary, typical, southern), for mineral soils (the chernozem the southern not full-developed shchebnevaty) smaller intensity is characteristic. Intensity of migration of Sr-90 in the soil of the chernozem of the southern not full-developed shchebnevaty is rather low, the greatest intensity of migration of Sr-90 on a soil profile is observed at soils of the chernozem ordinary and southern.

Efremov I.V., Gorshenina E.L., Rakhimova N.N., Hismatullin Sh.Sh.
MIGRATION OF MOBILE FORMS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OF ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Of particular importance is the profile migration of pollutants, which is most intense flows in spring, autumn and summer with the loss of a large amount of rainfall, when there are intense downdrafts soil moisture. The migration of heavy metals limit their deposition processes on geochemical barriers. The study of the profile of migration and accumulation of heavy metals showed that the metals have varying behavior of soils, there is a change in the profile of their contents. The article deals with the dynamics of the distribution of mobile forms of heavy metals in different soils of the Orenburg region, the results of determination of pH in these soils. A method for evaluating the intensity of migration of heavy metals in the profile of chernozem and dark chestnut soils built using regression equations and values of α, which is a constant and depends on the type of soil and the chemical element. It was revealed that the profile of the southern black earth is an increase in the concentration of heavy metals such as lead, nickel, chromium, copper, cadmium, cobalt, zinc and manganese. For chernozem incompletely rubbly decrease the concentration profile of elements such as lead, nickel, copper and cobalt. Dark brown soil: is an increase in the concentration of lead in the soil profile and the reduction of zinc in the profile. For a typical black soil on the profile decreases the concentration of zinc. For ordinary chernozem a decrease in the concentration of manganese in the soil profile.