Zubkova K.A., Gonina E.S., Shikhova L.N., Lisitsyn E.M.
THE ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC STAGES OF BOGS FORMATION ON PEAT'S BOTANICAL STRUCTURE ^{[№ 5 ' 2016]}
The botanical structure of different layers of peat in two bog sites of central part of the Kirov region is considered for the purpose of revealing features of peat's botanical structure on different succession stages and the analysis of environmental conditions of formation of a peat deposit. Profiles were putted for the characteristic of botanical structure of a peat deposit up to depth of mineral horizon; their detailed description and peat sampling on layers were spent. Eight trial areas and 8 soil cuts were putted in total; more than hundred soil tests were analyzed. Studying of botanical structure of peat-forming plants on different depth has allowed to assume environmental conditions of formation of corresponding phytocenoses and approximate age of peat deposits. Certain synchronism is traced in a structure of peat masses especially in the top layers though the history of their formation differs. Age of bogs the different. Presence of the "boundary" horizon is characteristic for both sites which characterized by considerable content of the wood rests. The age of this horizon is dated by the end of Atlantic — the beginning of sub-boreal periods. At all stages of bog formation specific structure of peat-forming plants in Zengino bog is more various, than in Karino bog. Probably it is connected with different geological conditions of formation of bogs and, accordingly, with their different geochemical structure. In peat mass of Zengino bog there are plant species which practically do not meet in peat of the Karino bog. Peat in Zengino bog is more richly with mineral components in comparison with peat in Karino bog that promotes increase in a specific variety. Besides on distinctions in formation of peat mass of bogs features of a hydrological mode affect. Studying of botanical structure testifies to alternation of different climatic epoch. In each stage there is a formation of phytosenoses the most adapted for the given climatic factors that is visually reflected in peat (organic) annals of bogs.