Zainullin R.M., Faizrakhmanov R.R., Gilyazova I.I.
IS INTO FUNCTIONAL ZONES, THE CENTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RETINA IN PATIENTS WITH MACULAR-YEAR-OLD DIABETIC ^{[№ 12 ' 2015]}
One of the most significant manifestations of diabetes mellitus is a form of retinal lesion as diabetic macular edema (DME), leading to the inevitable loss of vision and disability of patients of working age. Currently, one of the main ways of visualization of retinal lesions and DME is optical coherence tomography (OCT). Regular and objective measurement of the optical density of the macular pigment (MPOD) is justified by the research in the pathology department of central area of the retina. Microperimetry used to assess the functional state of the macular area, allowing the light to determine the sensitivity of the macular area, even in patients with low visual acuity. Determination of MPOD and its relationship with functional and morphological parameters of the central area of the retina at the DME can serve as an additional diagnostic criterion of pathological process. The evaluation of morphological and functional changes in the retinal layers and MPOD as a diagnostic criterion of pathological process in patients with DME. Patients with DME amounted Group I — 19 patients (20 eyes), in group II included 12 patients (20 eyes) without retinal pathology, comparable in age. In the analysis of OCT cartograms in patients of Group II average total retinal thickness was equal to (298.3 ± 6.43) mm, while the patients I — this figure as a result of edema increased by 35 % and amounted to (404.62 ± 15.23) m. Interpreting the results of studies of MPOD, revealed a significant decline in the average optical density, maximum optical density, the volume of macular pigment in patients of Group I in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Based on the microperimetry data of central zone of the retina, patients of group I remained central locking and stable, and the size of the field of fixation did not exceed 4°. Indicators light sensitivity were reduced by an average of 9 dB and amounted to (9.85 ± 0.09) dB. Revealed a sharp decline of the optical density of the macular pigment, light sensitivity in patients with DME. Established correlation between quantitative data of MPOD and of area of macular edema according to OCT.