Gluhih M.A., Chinyaeva Y.Z.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL AS A FACTOR OF EFFICIENCY OF STRAW USE ^{[№ 8 ' 2017]}
One of the contentious issues, especially in recent years, in connection with the decline in the number of livestock and its need for straw, is its use. In the erosion-hazardous conditions on the lungs according to the granulometric composition of soils, straw is needed, both to protect the soil from erosion, and in the form of organic fertilizer. In domestic literature, it is often considered a good organic fertilizer for other soils. When it is introduced, the biological activity of the soil, the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to plants, the availability of labile organic substances, humus content, and the productivity of cultivated crops are increased. However, when the biological activity of the soil increases, its mineralization increases, so the introduction of more organic matter into the soil than required to maintain the humus reserve is not effective. When introducing straw into the soil, the phytosanitary situation worsens. Phytotoxins — the products of vital activity of different groups of microorganisms, leached from straw, have a negative effect on plants. In addition, bacterial and fungal colonies formed in the surface layer of the soil in the presence of plant residues are harmful, causing the spread of diseases and the accumulation of toxins. In this connection, in the chernozem soils of the Trans-Ural region, the introduction of straw does not increase the productivity of cultivated crops. What is associated with the lack of increase in productivity, requires additional research. One thing is clear: the biological activity of chernozem soils increases equally, as with the introduction of straw, and when it is burned. And the supply of plants with nitrate forms of nitrogen and mobile phosphorus does not decrease.