Kanyukova Yu.V., Kanyukov V.N., Borshchuk E.L., Bayanova N.A.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AS A MEDICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEM IN THE COMPARATIVE ASPECT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS OF ORENBURG REGION ^{[№ 9 ' 2015]}
The incidence of diabetes and its complications, both in Russia and throughout the world confirms the absence of downward indicators trend. The carried out analysis shows that the level and dynamics of the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in rural settlements indicates the problems concerning the access to specialized health care. Thehighestrangeofincidenceof eye diseases and adnexa, diabetes and diabetic retinopathy was observed in 2010 (207.79, 113.63, 27,13 ‰, correspondingly). This variability of levels of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy are stable within 15 ‰‰ (14.94 and 8.2 ‰).We distinguishedthe significant differences in thedisease incidence of urban and rural areas (31.47, 20.60 ‰), among the working-age population (85.1 ‰) and population over the working-age (66.2 ‰).It was noted: the diabetic retinopathy incidence among women in rural settlements dominated by 1.81 ‰ as compared with similar indicator among town women, and also non-specific low rate among the male population of urban settlements in 2011 (for the rest levels — 2013 year). According to the conclusion of the WHO Study Group, the major obstacles to effective prevention of blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy are hasty work of polyclinic ophthalmologists, late referral of patients for laser treatment, lack of necessary equipment and experienced ophthalmologists specializing in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, difficulty of travelling to the regional center and the high cost of travel to the special careinstitutions.The obtained data indicate varying degrees of access to specialized medical care among the cities of the region, with its primary administration in the regional center.