Siromlya T.I, Zagurskaya Yu.V., Bayandina I.I.
THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE EXTRACTS FROM THE HERB HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. GROWN IN THE REGIONS WITH HIGH TECHNOGENIC LOAD ^{[№ 10 ' 2015]}
Cd content in Hypericum perforatum raw materials often exceeds the maximum allowable concentrations, as this species is the hub of cadmium. However, the degree of extraction of Cd does not exceed 23 % in decoctions, and 5 % — in tincture of the total content in the raw material. High isplacement of Pb and Ni and very low — Fe and Sr was detected. The content of almost all the chemical elements in the tincture was lower than in the decoction. Plants of Hypericum perforatum L. were grown seedling method of genetically homogeneous material in the three regions of the south of Western Siberia, distinguished by the level of anthropogenic contamination. The total content of chemical elements was determined in pharmaceutical raw materials, water decoctions (raw materials: distilled water — 1: 20) and alcoholic tinctures (raw material: 40 % ethanol — 1: 10) by atomic emission and atomic absorption analysis. Total ash content (3.75–4.87 %) and the amount of insoluble residue (0.31 and 0.73 %) complied with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XI and was lower than in the studied pharmaceutical raw materials — 5.60 and 1.15 %, respectively. In the H. perforatum grown under a anthropogenic condition, both potassium (5 910–10 690 mg/kg) and lead (0.3–0.4) concentrations were significantly lower than that of the pharmaceutical raw materials (18 662 and 1.4 respectively). In contrast, the nickel (2.6–5.0), manganese (94–114), zinc (49–60) concentrations was increased significantly than that of the pharmaceutical raw materials (0.7, 17 и 22 respectively). Total content of Сd in H. perforatum plants from three regions ranged from 0.42 to 1.64 mg/kg, the mean values are generally greater than the maximum permissible concentration established Sanitary rules and Norms 2.3.2.1078-01 for herbal dietary supplements. Cadmium content in H. perforatum raw materials often exceeds the maximum allowable concentrations, as this species is the hyperaccumulator of cadmium. However, the degree of extraction of Cd in decoctions does not exceed 23 % in tincture — 5 % of the total content in the raw material. Very low isplacement was identified for iron and strontium, high — for nickel аnd lead, potassium has a maximum isplacement. Almost all the chemical elements in plants of Western Siberia move to water extraction on average 1.3–3.4 times (Cd — 4–5, Sr — 7–8) higher than in water-alcohol extract. The degree of extraction of chemical elements from raw materials harvested in different regions of Western Siberia is significantly different. For plants grown in industrially polluted regions showed a trend towards an increase in the content of readily available forms of chemical elements.