Galaktionova L.V., Vasilchenko A.V., Anufrienko A.A., Terekhova N.A.
RECOVERY OF THE HUMUS STATE OF THE STEPPE CHERNOZEMS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DEPOSIT ^{[№ 9 ' 2017]}
In the middle of the last century, in order to provide the country’s population with food products, the country began implementing the plan for extensive development of agricultural production. Only in the Orenburg region from 1954 to 1962, about 2.2 million hectares of virgin and fallow lands were plowed up, and the total area of arable land reached 6.4 million hectares. Along with serious miscalculations in the technology of growing the main crops, excessive plowing of steppe chernozems caused the development of a number of degradation processes, such as dehumification, de-structuring, over consolidation, soil erosion, which was accompanied by a progressive decrease in their fertility. However, at the end of the twentieth century, significant political and economic changes took place in the country, affecting the agricultural production sector. One of his results was the transfer of more than two million hectares into the deposit. Thus, for the first time in the agricultural period, previously arable land was found in an unprecedented natural experiment on the natural restoration of chernozems. This article is devoted to the study of the humus state of steppe chernozems in the conditions of the deposit. The more than 20-year period of soil restoration led to a change in the humus content from 2.79 to 4,1 %, its reserves to 88.9 % of that of the virgin land, an increase in the proportion of humic acids to 39.6 % and a humification depth of 2.33. The studies made it possible to conclude that the system of indicators of humus condition of soils showed high sensitivity to cessation of arable use and can be recommended as a diagnostic indicator for assessing the degree of natural restoration of the soil cover of the steppe.

Stroganova Е.А., Anufriyenko V.F.
FEATURES OF COPPER (II) IONS STABILIZATION IN A PHASE OF AN ANIONIT AH-31 AT SORPTION FROM THE GERMANIUM CONTAINED CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS ^{[№ 13 ' 2015]}
Anionit AN-31 is the low-basic aminofunctional anionite that defines high affinity ofd-metals ions. At the same time, due to existence of alcoholic hidroxyl groups, AN-31 shows selectivity to germanat-ions that allows to apply a sorbent in technologies of passing germanium extraction from copper solutions. Concurrent sorption of germanium and copper ions leads to receiving sorbates of difficult structure that doesn't allow to carry out full division of metals during desorption stage. Thus, the possibility of germanium, copper-containing sorbent usage is actual for optimisation of production schemes. In particular, cupriferous sorbents can be applied as catalysts of low-temperature processes. Our work is devoted to study the influence of solution composition on the way of copper ions stabilization in sorbent to indicate the catalytically active forms. Sorption was carried out at static conditions for various metals concentration, рН and ionic force of solution. The content of metals in solution was determined by the titrimetry and photometry methods. The phase of a sorbent was investigated by methods of the electronic spin resonance (EPR) and the electronic spectroscopy of diffusion reflection (ESDR). Increase of рН was shown to lead manifestation a dipole-dipolar interactions in associates of the hidroxocomplexies of copper which are localized in cavities of the polymeric matrix. Introduction of background electrolyte to solution increases hidroxocomplexes association with the exchange-connected copper ions. Presence of germanat-ions promotes strengthening of dipole-dipolar interactions of copper ions that is connected probably with concurrent sorption of metals heteronuclear complexes. Stabilization of copper ions in the phase of AN-31 is due to covalent connection of hidroxocomplexes of copper with aminogroups, and also to formation of oxidic dimers (-Cu-O-)₂,oxidic oligomers Cu_n(OH)_m and the square-planed oxidic clusters. Presenceof oxidic clusters implicits catalytic properties of a cupriferous sorbent.

Galaktionova L.V., Stepanova M.A., Teslya A.V., Anufrienko A.V.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ABILITY OF FLORA URBAN AREAS TO ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS ^{[№ 10 ' 2013]}
The paper studies the ability of trees and shrubs in urban areas to absorb heavy metals. The study was identified Election ability of some species of flora in the city of Orenburg and Buzuluk to the accumulation of copper and zinc.